基于GPS的北极冰川表面地形测量与制图

自2005年以来，我国科考队员利用双频GPS在北极黄河站附近的Austre Lovénbreen 和 Pedersenbreen两条冰川上每年一次开展高精度的冰川运动观测，获取了冰川表面监测标杆的精确位置和运动速度。2009年4月，我国考察队员在这两条冰川上开展了密集的GPS点位数据采集，藉此开展北极两条冰川的冰面地形测量。在分析单频GPS动态单点定位数据用于冰面地形测量的可行性基础上，经过平差计算获得了两条冰川的冰面地形数据，进而生成冰面DEM和等高线，制作冰面地形图。经与高精度控制点比较，冰面DEM高程的误差为0.78m，在冰川季节性高程波动和年消融的变化范围之内。由于SMART-V1型GPS设备是当前冰川研究工作中应用较多的pulseEKKO型探地雷达配套的一个重要部件，本文的结论对于同类仪器开展冰川测量工作具有参考价值，对基于高密度的GPS动态单点定位测量方法用于冰面地形测量的数据处理具有指导意义。

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY ON THE SURFACE OF GLACIER AUSTRE LOV(E)NBREEN AND PEDERSENBREEN IN SVALBARD BASED ON GPS METHOD

Since 2005,the Chinese Arctic National Research Expedition(CHINARE) has carried out highly precise GPS measurements on two glaciers,Austre Lovénbreen and Pedersenbreen near the Chinese Arctic Yellow River station,acquiring precise locations of observation poles on the two glaciers.In April 2009,CHINARE acquired high density GPS point positioning data on the two glaciers with a Novatel SMART-V1 GPS instrument,which is an integrated single frequency GPS receiver.This paper introduced the field work of the topographic surveying using the SMART-V1 GPS,analyzed the possibility of using single frequency GPS point positioning data for topographic surveying on glaciers,and acquired the digital elevation model of the glaciers’ surface.Contour lines were then produced in Arcmap and the contour data exported into CorelDraw for mapping.The precision of the adjusted GPS point positioning data reach 0.78 m apart from altitude.This is less than the altitude change in seasonal wave and the year-round melting.As a widely used component in the pulse EKKO GPR,the SMART-V1 GPS receiver is capable of topographic surveying on glaciers,and the data processing method in this paper is of use to similar studies.