中国山地垂直带的数字集成与基本规律分析

首次归纳出我国63类垂直带(包括31类基带)；在ArcGIS 8．3平台上,以山地垂直带谱“数字引擎”为内核,成功研制了“中国山地垂直带谱信息系统(1．0)”,将我国约239个山地垂直带谱进行了数字集成,使我们对我国垂直带谱数据的掌握从残缺上升为相对完备。该研究工作不仅为我国山地垂直带谱规律的数字分析提供了强大的手段,也为世界山地垂直带谱的数字集成提供了必要的理论和技术方法。还利用该系统,对重要垂直带界线如雪线、林线、高山草甸进行了空间规律分析。结果表明,除高山草甸经向变化缺乏明显规律外,其他垂直带界线的经、纬向变化的二次曲线(抛物线)模式比其他模式具有更高的相关系数。因而,抛物线模式应是我国山地垂直带宏观尺度上的基本空间模式。今后垂直带谱研究应在界线精度、带谱结构的地理学／生态学解释等方面继续深入。

Digital Integration and Pattern Analysis of Mountain Altitudinal Belts in China

China boasts mani fold mountain altitudinal belts (MABs) thinks to its vastness, numerous high mountains, and the dynamic and the rmal effects of the immense Tibetan Plateau. About 63 MABs and hundreds of MAB spectra have been identified, and asystematic classification hierarchy for the spectra is outlined. Spatial patterns of altitudinal belts are generalized into six models, including mono-structure, flattening structure, exposure-depend, stepwise-rising, undermining, and Tibetan compound. However, traditional CIS techniques have difficulties in digitally dealing with MABs and their vertical spectra. The authors devised a special data model or digital engine for MAB spectra. With this model as the nucleus and on the platform of ArcGIS 8.3 software, the authors developed a GIS that realizes the digital integration and visualization of MABs and their spectra. A total of 239 MAB spectra have been collected and digitally integrated into this geographical information system. This GIS establishes the digital connection between MAB spectra and their geographical location, and realizes positioning, quantification and visualization of MABs and their spectra. With this GIS, it is quite easy to look into the MAB spectra of any region, to digitally query both geographical and vertical distribution of a given MAB. Therefore, it provides a solid base for further analysis of MABs and their relationship with environmental factors, and it also lays a key technical base for the development of a world MAB-GIS. Spatial analysis of snowline, timber line and alpine meadow shows that quadratic model can digitally establish the relation between the height and latitudeor longitude of any MAB (the only exception we have found so far is the longitudinal distribution of alpine meadow). This very likely suggests an identical model of MABs for China. It is necessary to raise the accuracy of the spatial position of MABs and to ecologically explain the spatial model of MABs.