基于GIS与地理探测器的旅游地空间分布格局及驱动力分析——以贵州为例

以贵州旅游地空间数据为基础，运用平均最邻近、地理探测器等方法，研究贵州1990—2018年4个时间截面旅游地空间格局，分析该时期旅游重心演化进程，探讨旅游地与地理环境、社会经济要素间关系并开展驱动力分析。结果表明：① 4个时期旅游地均为凝聚状态分布，总体呈现点、团向面状、带状聚集转变；② 全省旅游收入演化比客流量演化更为敏感和剧烈，二者均以经向变幅为主导，且呈现西部比重大于东部的态势；③ 旅游地在海拔高程垂向上表现为近似正态分布，碳酸盐岩类区旅游地资源多为自然类景点、碎屑岩类区主要表现为民族文化类景点的聚集分布，断层线5 km缓冲区范围内分布90%左右的旅游地、其空间展布总体与断层线走向吻合，三叠、寒武及二叠地层是旅游地的主要分布区，旅游地沿省道特征分布明显；④ 全省旅游地分布主要受旅游地到河流沟谷距离、县级行政中心距离、高速公路直线距离、陆上交通路网密度、高速公路路网密度、断层线距离、河流沟谷密度等7项因子驱动；而距河流沟谷、距县级行政中心、距高速公路直线距离以及交通路网密度水平等因子的组合效应集中控制了当前贵州旅游地空间分布的总体格局。

Spatial Distribution Pattern and Driving Force of Tourist Destinations in Guizhou Province Based on GIS and Geodetector

Based on the spatial data of tourist destinations in Guizhou, the analysis methods including mean nearest-neighbor distance, geodetector method, etc. are adopted to research the spatial distribution characteristics of tourist destinations in four time sections of Guizhou from 1990 to 2018, and analyze the evolution process of key tourist destinations in these periods. It also discusses the relationship between the spatial distribution of tourism destination and the geographical environment, social and economic factors, and further carries out the driving force analysis. The results show that: 1) In the four periods, tourist destinations are distributed in a condensed state, showing the transition from point-clump aggregation to planar and zonal aggregation. 2) The evolution process of tourism revenue is more sensitive and intense than that of total tourist flow in the whole province. Both of them are dominated by longitude variation, and present the trend that the proportion of the west is larger than that of the east. 3) The vertical distribution of tourist destinations in the whole province is approximately normal; The tourist resources in carbonate rocks are mostly natural attractions, while where in clastic rocks is mainly the aggregate distribution of ethnic minority attractions; The number of tourist destinations distributed in the 5 km buffer zone of the fault line is about 90%, and its spatial distribution is basically consistent with the strike of the fault line; The Triassic, Cambrian and Permian strata are the main distribution areas of tourist destinations; The tourist destinations are obviously distributed along the provincial road. 4) The distribution of tourist destinations in the whole province is mainly driven by seven factors including the distance from tourist destinations to river valleys, the distance from county-level administrative centers, the straight-line distance of expressways, the density of land transportation network, the density of expressway network, the distance from fault lines, and the density of river valleys; The combination of the factors that the distance from river valleys, the distance from county-level administrative centers, the straight-line distance from expressways, and the density level of transportation network, controls centrally the overall pattern of spatial distribution of tourism destinations in Guizhou.