长三角区域创新集群的技术创新联系特征及影响探究——以新材料产业为例

基于区域创新集群的相关概念辨析，提出基于长三角一体化战略的区域创新集群概念，并通过IncoPat网站获取2000—2017年长三角新材料产业已获授权的发明专利，在刻画新材料区域创新集群技术创新联系特征的基础上，利用二步系统广义矩阵估计（Generalized Method of Moments，GMM）模型测度融入区域创新集群的深度与广度对地方创新集群的影响，得到如下结论：第一，区域创新集群的发展符合“点-轴”发展理论的观点，以上海、南京、杭州等发达地方创新集群为增长极，在空间上率先形成以增长极为节点的发展轴，成为区域创新集群的核心组团。第二，区域创新集群技术创新联系具备“全球-地方”创新网络阐述的多种类型知识交互耦合的特征，在同质性知识交互的基础上，异质性知识的交互同样占据重要地位。第三，当前阶段长三角区域创新集群中核心组团的极化效应大于扩散效应，更易在区域创新集群的建设中获益，并且知识基础的正向调节作用明显。区域创新集群研究尚处于起步阶段，相关研究亟待经济地理学者进一步展开。

Technological Innovation Connection Characteristics and Influence of Regional Innovation Cluster in the Yangtze River Delta: A Case Study of New Material Industry

Regional innovation cluster is an important part of the Yangtze River Delta high-quality integration strategy, but the current research on regional innovation cluster is relatively lack. There are differences in understanding the concept of regional innovation clusters at home and abroad. Based on the analysis of the related concepts of regional innovation cluster, this paper puts forward the concept of regional innovation cluster based on the Yangtze River Delta integration strategy. This paper obtains the authorized invention patents of the new material industry in the Yangtze River Delta from the IncoPat website in 2000-2017. On the basis of describing the characteristics of the internal innovation linkages of the Yangtze River Delta New Materials Regional Innovation Cluster, this paper uses the two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model to measure the impact of the depth and breadth of integration into regional innovation cluster on local innovation cluster. We drew the following conclusions: Firstly, the development of regional innovation cluster is conforms to the viewpoint of the point-axis development theory. The Yangtze River Delta New Materials Regional Innovation Cluster take Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and other developed local innovation clusters as growth poles, and take the lead in forming a development axis with growth pole nodes in space. Developed local innovation clusters have become the core group within the Yangtze River Delta New Materials Regional Innovation Cluster. Secondly, the technological innovation linkage of the Yangtze River Delta New Materials Regional Innovation Cluster has the characteristics of various types of knowledge coupling, which is the same point of view described by the ‘global-local’ innovation network theory. The proportion of heterogeneous knowledge interaction in the cooperative research and development (R&D) network of the Yangtze River Delta New Materials Regional Innovation Cluster is as high as 49.08%, while the proportion of heterogeneous knowledge interaction in the patent transfer network is only 3.68%. On the basis of homogeneous knowledge interaction, heterogeneous knowledge interaction also plays an important role. Thirdly, in the current stage of the Yangtze River Delta New Materials Regional Innovation Cluster, the polarization effect of developed local innovation clusters as the core group is greater than the diffusion effect. The positive moderating effect of the knowledge base is obvious, and developed local innovation clusters are more likely to benefit from the construction of regional innovation cluster. It can be seen that regional innovation clusters not only have the common characteristics of local innovation clusters and cluster innovation networks, but also conform to the regional development law elaborated by the ‘point-axis’ development model and the ‘center-periphery’ theory in the evolution of spatial morphology. The research on regional innovation clusters is still in its infancy, and the comparative research on different industries and types needs to be further carried out by economic geographers.