基于地理尺度的中国人居环境研究进展

对国内人居环境的地理尺度进行了新的划分，主体分为现实人居环境、意象人居环境和拟态人居环境（即“三态”），采用“主观文献归纳+客观文献计量”的方法对地理尺度视角下的人居环境内容、数据和方法等进行评述与展望。① 研究内容趋向综合集成化、新人地关系“广深化”和尺度交叉化等；② 研究数据表现出质度和量度的优化态势、多源数据的时空融合趋势和“小数据+大数据”的组合互补方向等；③ 研究方法体现在质性研究的更新化、计量模型的丰富化和“大数据智能分析+小数据抽样调查”的聚合化等。未来，国内人居环境研究应深化“一横+一纵”的逻辑分析原则，横向尺度关注居住、工作、交通、游憩等不同人类活动的时空特征，纵向尺度关注现实人居环境、意象人居环境及拟态人居环境融合趋势下人类聚居的深层结构，围绕着“三态”人居行为逐步完善为多视角、多领域和系统综合的学科群组。

Human Settlements in China Based on the Geographical Scale

Over the past decades, China has made great progress in industrial development, urban construction and information technology, and it leads to tremendous changes in the human settlements. In addition, socio-economic development has introduced the diversified human activities, which brings new challenges to the cognition of traditional human settlements. In this paper, a new division of domestic human settlements have been proposed, it is divided into real human settlements, imagery human settlements and pseudo human settlements (i.e. the “three states” of human settlements) based on the geographical scale. Using the “subjective literature induction + objective literature bibliometrics” approach, this paper reviews and prospects the related studies on human settlements from the geographic scales of “three states”, including its content, data and methods. From the analysis above, the following conclusions are drawn in this paper. ① The studies of human settlements have the tendency to be comprehensive and integrated in terms of themes, disciplines and directions. The studies of human settlements have made great progress in understanding the human-land relationship. An increasing number of studies consider the impact of different geographical scales on human settlements. ② Dataset of human settlements shows a trend towards quality optimization, with increasing resolution and precision. The trend of spatio-temporal integration of data from multiple sources is becoming more and more evident. The combination of “big data” and “small data” is also the characteristic of human settlements. ③ Qualitative studies have made significant advances in investigation forms, analytical tools and methods. Growing numbers of econometric models are being developed for the study of human settlements. At the same time, the aggregation of “big data intelligent analysis + small data sampling survey” is applied to explore the relation between human and environment. In the future, domestic studies of human settlements should deepen the logic analysis principle of “one horizontal + one vertical”. On the one hand, scholars should focus on the spatio-temporal characteristics of different human activities (such as living, working, transportation and recreation) at the horizontal scale. On the other hand, much attention should be paid to the deep structure of human settlements under the trend of “reality- imagery -pseudo” at the vertical scale. Domestic studies should be centered on the “three states” of human settlement and diversified human activities. Finally, the Science of Human Settlements would be gradually evolutionary into the multi-perspective, multi-fields, and systematically integrated discipline group.