1989-2019年中国滑雪场时空特征及其演变规律

滑雪场空间分布特征、集聚演变状况与分布方向性变化深刻影响着中国滑雪旅游乃至冰雪产业的发展。运用地统计学空间分析原理，通过最邻近指数分析、空间自相关分析、核密度分析、标准差椭圆及平均中心分析，对1990年前后每10 a 中国滑雪场空间特征及其演变规律进行了综合分析。结果显示：① 1990年之前，仅在黑龙江和吉林省有7家滑雪场，且分布较为离散。② 1990—1999年，滑雪场数量呈小幅增长，空间上出现向新疆、河北和四川扩散的现象。③ 2000—2009年，滑雪场增速较快，并形成了以哈尔滨?牡丹江、北京?张家口两地区为核心的滑雪场双核驱动模式。④ 2010—2019年，是滑雪场数量增速最快的10 a，期间新增滑雪场522家，并在双核驱动模式基础上，逐步形成了以长白山、燕山–太行山为主要条带的联通南北的滑雪场空间结构。总体上，近30 a中国滑雪场呈现出了“南展西扩东进”的空间演变特征。该研究结果对于未来中国滑雪场空间布局、优化及其区域间的协调发展具有一定的理论指导意义。

The Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Evolution Law of Chinese Ski Resorts from 1989 to 2019

The spatial distribution characteristics, agglomeration evolution status and distribution direction changes of ski resorts have a profound impact on the development of China’s ski tourism and even the ice and snow industry. Using the principle of geostatistical spatial analysis, through nearest neighbor index analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, kernel density analysis, standard deviation ellipse and average center analysis, the spatial characteristics and evolution of China’s ski resorts every 10 years before and after 1990 were synthesized. analysis. The results show that: 1) Before 1990, there were only 7 ski resorts in Heilongjiang and Jilin Province, and their distribution was relatively discrete. 2) From 1990 to 1999, the number of ski resorts increased slightly, and spatially spread to Xinjiang, Hebei and Sichuan. 3) From 2000 to 2009, the ski resorts grew rapidly, and a dual-core driving model of ski resorts with Harbin-Mudanjiang and Beijing-Zhang as the core was formed. 4) 2010-2019 is the 10 years with the fastest increase in the number of ski resorts. In 10 years, 522 new ski resorts have been added. Based on the dual-core model, the main belts of Changbai Mountain and Yanshan-Taihang Mountain have been gradually formed. The spatial structure of ski resorts connecting south and north. On the whole, the Chinese ski resorts in the past 30 years have shown the spatial evolution characteristics of “south exhibition, west expansion, east advancement”. The research results have certain theoretical guiding significance for the future spatial layout, optimization and coordinated development of China’s ski resorts.