乡村振兴背景下东部沿海发达地区乡村性空间格局——以浙江省为例

在总结乡村及乡村性概念的基础上，从经济基础、土地利用、基础设施、社会发展4个方面构建乡村性评价指标体系，从乡镇域尺度对浙江省1218个乡镇（街道）单元的乡村性进行评价，揭示其空间分异特征，基于评价结果划分出浙江乡村发展类型。结果表明：① 经济基础、土地利用、基础设施、社会发展指数的空间分布均呈现显著的集聚特征，经济基础、土地利用指数空间差异相对显著，基础设施、社会发展指数空间差异较小。② 乡村性指数整体较低，分布格局呈现由东北向西南、中心城区向外围地带逐渐增强的特征。③ 乡村性指数存在正的空间相关性，浙北地区和东部沿海地区出现乡村性指数低值聚类区域，浙西南地区出现乡村性指数高值聚类区域。④ 全省乡村可以划分为都市辐射型、传统农业型、生态旅游型、综合发展型四大类乡村，进而提出不同类型乡村的发展路径，以期推动乡村振兴战略实施和乡村地区健康发展。

The Spatial Differentiation of Rurality in Developed Coastal Regions of Eastern China Based on Rural Revitalization: The Case of Zhejiang Province

As a developed coastal region in eastern China, Zhejiang is the pioneer for rural revitalization. Drawing upon the concepts of rural and rurality, this article constructs an evaluation system of rurality index with four dimensions: namely, economic foundation, land use, infrastructure, and social development. It evaluates the rurality index of 1218 township-level units in Zhejiang Province, and identifies the spatial differentiation characteristics of rurality. Based on this, the article develops a typology of rural development and proposes several developmental pathways for Zhejiang’s rural revitalization in the future. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution of Zhejiang’s economic foundation, land use, infrastructure, and social development index all present significant agglomeration characteristics. 2) The overall rurality index of Zhejiang Province is low with a significant spatial pattern: the index increases gradually from the northeast to the southwest, and from the core cities to the peripheries. The low-value areas of rural index are Huzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan mainly around the Hangzhou Bay, and Wenzhou and Taizhou in southeastern coast of Zhejiang Province. The high-value areas of rurality index are Quzhou and Lishui in southwestern Zhejiang, as well as some neighboring areas between Jinhua and the southwest of Zhejiang. 3) There is a positive spatial correlation in the rurality index. Towns with similar rural intensity values tend to be regions adjacent with each other. The low-value clustering area of the rurality index locates in the northern and eastern coast of Zhejiang, while the high-value clustering area of the rurality index locates in the southwest of Zhejiang. 4) Zhejiang’s rural areas are differentiated with four key types: urban-effecting villages including the characteristic industrial sub-type and the business or tourism service sub-type, traditional agriculture-based villages including the coastal fishery sub-type and the inland agriculture or forestry sub-type, eco-tourism villages, and comprehensive development villages including the strong rural comprehensive development sub-type and the weak rural comprehensive development sub-type. Finally, the article puts forward several developmental paths according to the different types of rural areas, for promoting a higher-quality development of rural areas in China.