新疆艾比湖干缩的生态响应

新疆艾比湖是典型的干旱区湖泊，具有特殊的湿地-干旱生态系统。晚更新世晚期开始，由于气候逐渐变干，艾比湖不断萎缩。20世纪50～80年代末，由于湖区人口的激增及其对水土资源的不合理开发利用加速了湖泊干缩的进程。本文对艾比湖干缩引起的生态响应进行了初步的分析，分析指出，艾比湖湖滨荒漠自然植被呈退化衰败趋势，生物多样性面临严重威胁；干涸湖底盐漠化，湖滨沙丘活化，沙漠扩展，浮尘天气成百倍增长；绿洲与荒漠之间缓冲空间日益缩小，盐碱化趋势增大。艾比湖的干缩是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果，但人为因素是第一位的，其中以河流上游大量截流引水和大规模开荒为主要原因。

Ecological response on the shrink of Ebinur Lake,Xinjiang

Located in Xinjiang, China, Ebinur Lake is a typical lake of arid region possessing peculiar wetland-arid ecosystem. From late Late Pleistocene, due to gradual drying of climate, Ebinur Lake continuously shrank. In the 50＇s to the end of 80＇s of the 20th century, as a result of sharp increasing of population and unreasonable development and utilization of water and soil resources, the process of shrinkage of the Lake sped up. This paper makes a preliminary analysis on the ecological re- sponse caused by the shrinkage of Ebinur Lake. It is pointed out that the natural vegetation in the lakeside desert shows a degradating and declining trend,facing a serious threat of biological diversi- ty. The dry lakebed changes into salt-desert, the lakeside sand dunes activate, the desert expands, the floating dust weather increases for a hundredfold, the buffer space between oasis and desert grad- ually decreases and the salinization trend increases. The shrinkage of Ebinur Lake is the result of both natural factors and man-made factors, but the man-made factors are primary, among which huge damming rivers and water diversion and large-scale reclaiming wastelands at the upper reaches of the rivers are the most important reasons of the shrinkage of the Lake.