高放废物深地质处置：回顾与展望

文章对我国高放废物地质处置研究的历史进行了回顾，并对未来发展进行了展望。我国的高放废物深地质处置研究开发从1985年开始，迄今为止可初步分为3个阶段：①起步和跟踪研究阶段（1985～1998）；②逐步发展阶段（1999～2005）；③政府规划指导阶段（2006至今）。20多年来，我国在国家法律法规、战略规划、选址、工程屏障、核素迁移研究等方面取得了显著进展。我国已经提出在2020年前建成地下实验室、21世纪中叶建成高放废物处置库的目标。研究开发和处置库工程建设分成3个阶段：试验室研究开发和处置库选址阶段（2006～2020）；地下现场试验阶段（2021-2040）和处置库建设阶段（2041～本世纪中叶）。经过全国筛选对比，已初步选定甘肃北山地区为重点预选区，系统的场址评价工作正在进行。已确定采用膨润土作为处置库的回填材料，并初步确定内蒙古高庙子膨润土为我国高放废物处置库的首选缓冲回填材料。工程设计、核素迁移研究和安全评价也取得了一定进展。1999年起与国际原子能机构开展了3期高放废物地质处置技术合作项目，对提高我国的技术水平起到了积极作用。20多年的研究开发工作为我国在21世纪完成高放废物地质处置任务奠定了基础。

Geological disposal of high level radioactive waste in China:review and prospect

This paper reviews the history and progress of the R＆D on geological disposal of high level radioactive waste （HLW） in China, and discusses the prospects for development. The studies on HLW disposal in China started in 1985 and have experienced 3 stages： （1） Beginning and preliminary study stage （1985-1998）; （2） Gradually development stage （1999-2005）; （3） Stage with instruction from government （2006 to present）. In the past 24 years, progresses have been made in national legistration and regulations, strategic planning, site selection, engineering barries and radionuclide migrations Studies. China has set targets to build an underground research laboratory by 2020 and to build a national HLW repository around 2050. The whole program is divided into 3 stages： Stage 1 （2006-2020） ： Site selection and R＆D in laboratories and; Stage 2 （2021 -2040）： In situ underground research; Stage 3 （2041-Middle of 21st century） ： Repository construction. After nation-wide screening, Beishan area, located in northwestern China＇s Gansu province, has been selected as the most potential site for China＇s HLW repository. Systematic site characterization has being conducted since 2000. Bentonite is considered as the buffer and backfill material for the repository, while the Gaomiaozi bentonite in Inner Mongolia has been selected as the candidate buffer and backfill material. Progresses have been also made in concept design, radionuctide and safety assessment. Since 1999, 3 technical cooperation projects with the International Atomic Energy Agency in the field of high level radioactive waste disposal have been conducted, which contribute greatly to our technical ability. The R＆D during the past years provides good basis to fulfill the goal of constructing China＇s HLW repository in the middle of 21st century.