A global synthesis of the economic multiplier effects of marine sectors |
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| Institution: | 1. Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-5131, CA, USA;2. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-6150, CA, USA;3. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara 93101, CA, USA;4. Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK;1. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;2. Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, 4410 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;1. Sustainable Fisheries Group, Marine Science Institute, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-5131, United States;2. Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, RT.3/RW.4, Bantarjati, Bogor Utara, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16153, Indonesia;3. Environmental Defense Fund, 123 Mission Street Floor 28, San Francisco, CA, 94105, United States;4. Rare, Fish Forever, Calle Bogota 2077, Col. Providencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico;5. Wildlife Conservation Society, Jalan Tampomas No. 35, Babakan, Bogor Tengah, Bantarjati, Bogor Utara, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16151, Indonesia;6. Earth Resources Technology, Inc., 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States;7. Karimunjawa National Park, Jl. Sinar Waluyo Raya No. 248, Kedungmundu, Tembalang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50273, Indonesia;8. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 236 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, United States;1. NTNU Samfunnsforskning, Trondheim, Norway;2. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU Samfunnsforskning, Trondheim, Norway;3. SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway;1. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;2. United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925 Japan;3. Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington VA 22202, United States;4. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States;5. HEAL (Health & Ecosystems: Analysis of Linkages) Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd. Bronx, NY 10460, United States;6. Marine Research Centre, Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, Male 20025, Maldives;7. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan;8. NPO Satoumi Research Institute, 2-7-20-501Tamachi, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0983, Japan;1. Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA;2. Bren School of Environmental Science and Management & Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | As competition for use of the ocean increases, coastal managers must consider the economic impacts of competing marine sectors in decision-making processes. To capture the full extent of the economic impacts of marine industries, multiplier values can be used to estimate the sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects on associated industries. This study provides a global synthesis of multiplier effects on four economic indicators of eight marine sectors in regions of varying size and development status. The average multiplier was 1.82, indicating that every dollar generated by a direct marine industry leads to an additional 82 cents generated by associated industries. The industry of offshore energy and the economic indicator of revenue had the largest multiplier effects. No significant difference was found between multiplier values in developed and developing regions, and weak correlations were found between multiplier value and region size. This synthesis offers the first global view of the economic multiplier effects of marine industries and can serve as a tool to support city- to country-level marine industry development decisions throughout the world, especially where similar data are not available. |
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| Keywords: | Multiplier effect Economic impact Impact analysis Coastal management Marine spatial planning Ocean industry |
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