中国西北地区的干旱与旱灾——变化趋势与对策

地质灾害是地质环境极端恶化的一种表象。通过简要回顾中国的环境地质工作与存在问题,初步架构了山地区域工程地质环境质量评价—功能区划—工程容量评价—地质灾害风险管理等四阶段递进的研究框架。地质环境质量主要研究地质环境自身的工程属性。功能区划是基于地质环境质量研究提出地质环境的最佳土地开发利用方式或工程类型。针对地质环境与工程建设的相互作用特点,容量研究具体给出某一地质环境功能区对工程规模、数量、作用强度与持续时间的响应能力或包容能力。风险评估主要研究工程建设与运营过程中遭遇地质灾害风险的概率、可接受性和减灾对策。

A system of geo-environment evaluation based on sustainable land-use

Geo-hazard is a phenomenon resulting from deteriorative changes of the geo-environment. In a brief review of environmental geology work and existing deficiencies in China, we propose an evaluation system that consists of four procedures based on sustainable use, i.e. quality features, function divisions, engineering capacity and geo-hazard risk management of a regional geo-environment. Quality evaluation is to appraise the extent of the suitability of geo-environment for human activity. The procedure of function divisions is to determine the optimum mode of land use or the types of engineering construction based on the result of quality evaluation. The research on engineering capacity is to estimate the engineering scope, quantity, active strength and sustaining time of the engineering construction in a geo-environmental function area. Risk management is to study the probability and acceptability of geo-hazards and some countermeasures for loss-reduction when construction is in progress.