物流视角下的明北京营建木材采办研究——以川木采办为例

明代自永乐迁都北京以后,开始兴建北京城,大规模的营建工程次第展开并累朝持续进行。北京城市营建工程对木材产生了巨大需求,而作为主要建筑材料的木材绝大多数来自南方广大地区,由此产生了大规模的木材物流实践。本文以川木采办为例,从物流角度梳理川木从采伐、加工、运输乃至存储等物流过程。明政府在木材采办中组织大量人力进行采伐,综合使用各种技术人才,充分利用各种物流技术手段,合理采用运输方式运输,巧妙安排运输时间,高度重视木材存储等,均体现了中国古代在物流实践方面所达到的水平和取得的成就,因此明代北京城市营建木材采办是中国古代最具有代表性的物流实践,值得深入研究。

Study on the wood logistics practice of urban construction of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty: Taking Sichuan wood procured as an example

After Beijing became the capital of the Ming Dynasty, the construction of Beijing city began. There were many construction projects such as palaces, temples, walls and tombs throughout the Ming Dynasty. A large amount of wood was needed in all these construction projects. Wood as the main construction material was mostly produced in most parts of South China, thus the logistics practice of royal wood came into being on a large scale. In this article, we have a study on the logistics practice of royal wood in the Ming Dynasty, taking Sichuan wood procured as an example, to expound the logistics practice of logging off, manufacturing, transportation and storage. The wood procurement process, led by the Ming government, reflected the level of achievements in the area of logistics practice in ancient China, which included organizing a lot of manpower to log off, using all kinds of technical talents, making full use of logistics technical means, using rational transport modes, arranging transit time well and attaching great importance to wood storage. Therefore the logistics practice of royal wood in the construction of Beijing city in the Ming Dynasty was a typical case in ancient China, which is worth studying thoroughly.