Evolution of Yanliao aulacogen in the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic and its control on manganese deposit

It is found that the bottom of Sangshu'an subgroup,which belongs to the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation located at the Yanliao aulacogen,is rich in manganese. Although there are still different viewpoints on the origin of manganese and the formation environment of manganese deposits,most scholars believe that the manganese is closely related with the extensive rifting background of the Yanliao aulacogen. In this paper,based on the analysis of exploration data on many manganese ores,the Qinjiayu manganese deposit located at Qianxi belonging to the Yanliao aulacogen,is selected. The manganese ore characteristics,ore types,and element geochemistry are analyzed. The results show that manganese mainly comes from submarine hydrothermal fluids. By analyzing the relationship between the distribution of main manganese deposits and the tectonic faults in the Yanliao aulacogen,it is found that the manganese ore of Gaoyuzhuang formation mainly concentrates at the intersections of the northeast-trending main fault and the northwest-trending transverse fault,and the relatively blocked,deep-water stagnant environment surrounded by faults,where the ore layers are thick and show a relatively high grade. It shows that the structure of the Yanliao aulacogen plays an important role in controlling the formation of Gaoyuzhuang manganese deposits. The syn-depositional faults act as channels for hydrothermal activity,providing a major source of minerals for the manganese-forming basins.