天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料，分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低；反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同，该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响，冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程，夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低，最高月均值出现在8月，为9.4℃，最低月均值出现在1月，为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响，全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主，风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响，比湿夏秋季月均值较大，冬春季月均值较小.

Analysis of the microclimatic characteristics in the debris-covered area of the Koxkar Glacier on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

Based on the data set of automatic observation station, the microclimatic characteristics in the site No.3 of Koxkar Glacier on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were analyzed. It is found that the radiation flux and surface albedo have seasonal variation. Different from that in other regions, owing to snow physical properties and surface conditions, the diurnal variation of surface albedo here changes from large to small in winter, but in summer it shows an inverted U shape. The temperature is high in summer and autumn, but low in winter and spring, with the highest of 9.4℃ in August and the lowest of -9.6℃ in January. Moreover, there is a cold center over the ground at about 0.20 m at night, while a warm center at the same high during daytime. Mainly affected by the glacier wind and valley breeze, the NW and WNW are prevailing wind directions. There is a turn at 11 am for the diurnal variation of wind direction. The average monthly specific humidity is larger in summer and autumn, but smaller in winter and spring.