区域节水型社会经济体系的构建

水资源短缺和利用不合理将会严重制约区域社会经济的持续发展。本文在分析区域节水系统的结构、模型的基础上,针对我国水资源及其利用状况提出了构建区域节水型社会经济体系的基本框架和基本途径。

Establishment of Regional Water -saving Social Economic System

Water resource in China is tight relatively compared with the other countries.Economizing on water is a task which brooks no delay and has long way to go.The water-using structure of social economic department can't suit the distribution of the water resource,especially the water resource can't adopt to the regional industry structure,which leads to the water resources' natural lacking.Furthermore,intensified water-pollution results in water resources' "man-made lacking"(the water lacking of quality).Agriculture lacks water of 3 000×10⁸ m³ annully,resulting to 2 000×10⁴ hm² suffered from drought and 8 000 million rural people from drinking water shortage;More than 300 cities in China are in wlater-shorting condition,1 600×10² kg·d^-1 totally.The shorting of water resources and unreasonable water use has restricted the regional economic sustainable development.So,throwing away the model of social economic structure based largely on consuming water resources,regulating regional water-saving system and carrying out saving water in all over the country,establishing regional water-saving social economic system is very important.In the light of the relations between saving water and water distribution of each social economic department,regional water-saving system is formed of regional water supply,water storing and water ex porting,in which many objects and characters react and operate with each other.The efficiency depends on harmonizing degree of the supply,the need,the storage and the exporting of regional water resources,which made up Regional Balance Water Saving System(RB),Regional Agriculture Irrigating Subsystem(RAI),Regional Agriculture Concentrating Water-saving Subsystem(RAC),Regional City Cycle Water-saving Subsystem(RC).Analyzing the structure and model of the regional water-saving,we know that every water-using system relates to water supply,water need and the harmonizing degree.The crisis of regional water resources is in relation to the insufficiency of the talent of water supply,unreasonable water-using structure and the disharmony between water supply and water need,which made the lacking of water,not the shortage of utter water.Based on regulating regional water-saving system,we should harmonize regional social economic developing with the loadbearing capacity of regional water resources and made it used forever.I t is demanded to establish saving,concentrating,high-effective,and harmonizing regional industry structure and system o n using water resources,agricultural planting structure and system,urban and rural people scale's structure and system,consuming structure and system,and water-saving technology structure and system.The method of carrying into effect the regional water-saving social economic system are following:(1) To govern water resources in the light of laws;(2) To plan,regulate,administrate the using and protecting water resources unitedly.(3) To take in market mechanism and bring into play economic lever.(4) To use advanced practical technology for saving water and use water effectively.(5) To use public opinion to supervise saving water.