塔克拉玛干沙漠辐射平衡研究

本文对塔里拉玛干沙漠辐射平衡实测值与计算值进行了对比，分析了辐射平衡不同季节的日变化及年变化特征，并分析了影响辐射平衡的各主要因子，得到了沙漠辐射平衡研究的一些新认识。

SURFACE RADIATION BALANCE IN TAKLIMAKAN DESERT

In Taklimakan Desert, meteorological data are lack. During the period from 1988 to 1990, the radiation balance was observed at two investigation stations in the center of the desert. The radiation balance of the whole desert is calculated with two models. The relative errors between the calculated values and observed values for the two models are 1.20% and 3.47% respectively.The daily variation characteristics of radiahon balance in dtherent seasons are as follows: (1) The maxirnum radiation balance value appears in summer, the data in spring and autumn come second and third, and it is minimal in winter. These varieties are caused by different sun's altitude and duration of possible sunshine of different seasons. There are no big varieties of nocturnal radiation balance in all the seasons. (2) The daily variation of radiation balance is unsymmetric. The daily maximum of monthly average values is at 12:00 am in July but at 11:00 am in January, April and october. The maximum values in January and July are 151.0 and 272.5 W / m2 respectively. Nocturnal radiation balance varies from -20 to -50 W / m2. (3) An instantaneous maxirnum value of 469.3W / m2 was observed in the desert in July.Radiation balance is mainly influenced by cloud amount, cloud species, drift sand and all the components of radiation balance. The results of this study show that the lowest center of annual radiahon balance in Xinjiang is at the center of Taklimakan desert and its value is about 1100 MJ. m-2. a-1,which make us change the previous view that the geographical distribution of radiation balance was low in north Xinjiang and high in south Xinjiang.