国际都市农业发展的经验及其借鉴

都市农业是跳出农业、农村框架,从城乡统筹发展观看农业的新型理念。本文对美国、欧洲、日本、韩国和新加坡,以及拉美和非洲一些国家都市农业发展的历程和经验进行了总结;对其不同的发展特征、组织形式、生产特点、营销与物流、功能作用和扶植政策进行了梳理。从城市进程和社会发展角度,认为都市农业是我国当前和未来社会主义新农村建设的重要内容和实施方式。结合我国发展现状,都市农业的着力点在大城市地区和粮食主产区要有所不同;功能体现城市近、中、远郊区的需要;建设中需要鼓励发展都市农业企业和农业协会;加深产业现代化和专业化;疏通物流渠道;在城市规划、土地制度、产权制度、经营形式和科技推广等政策上需要给予支持和规范。

Developing China's urban agriculture by learning from international experiences

Urban agriculture is a brand-new concept to innovate agriculture from the perspective of urban-rural harmonized development, which thus encourages planners and practitioners to understand the agricultural development in a broader urban-rural interactive system. The purpose of this paper is to compare the experiences of urban agriculture worldwide so as to stimulate and benefit China's urban agricultural development.By reviewing the facets of the developmental context, organizational form, production characteristics, marketing and agro-logistics, main function and policy building capacity, experiences in America, Britain and Germany in Europe, Japan, Korea and Singapore in Asia, Latin America and Africa are summarized. According but not limited to this, we argue that urban agriculture lays a promising and practical way for the project of China New Countryside &; Agriculture and further contribute to coordinating the urban-rural development. In terms of the urbanization pace and nowadays situation, we may, however, need to discriminate the foci of urban agriculture between the city region area and the food-supplying area. The function of urban agriculture should be adjusted in the inner, middle and ex-urban areas. Enterprises and agricultural associations will be the major ones organizing urban agriculture, which requires specialization in the industrial chain. Agro-logistics is the weakest but in an urgent situation for the urban agricultural development in China. Policy capacity needs to be built on the agenda including urban planning, land tenure, property right, managing organization and technology innovation.