“水-能源-粮食”视角下粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局的构建及优化

从“水－能源－粮食”3个维度对粤港澳大湾区的生态系统服务进行评价，利用珞珈一号夜光数据修正生态阻力面，运用最小累积阻力模型构建并优化湾区的生态安全格局。结果表明：1）粤港澳大湾区生态源地总面积为9 626.1 km²，主要分布在研究区东部和西部的山地、丘陵地区，对应位于江门市、惠州市中部和肇庆市；2）生态廊道共计38条，总长度为2 023.09 km，其中最短为11.76 km，最长为304.99 km，集中于植被覆盖较好的山地丘陵地区，中部无廊道分布；3）生态源地辐射区面积为28 929.5 km²，达到湾区总面积的51.88%，若要实现60%的覆盖率，则需要至少新增生态源地辐射面积4 524.856 km²；4）为了更好地优化粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局，提出在惠州市北部和南部新增两处生态源地辐射区，并构建以“一带、一轴、四组团”为核心的生态安全格局优化模式。

Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from the Perspective of"Water-Energy-Food"

The "Water-energy-food" nexus is an important content in the field of ecosystem security. Constructing and optimizing the ecological security pattern from this perspective is of great significance to alleviate the contradiction between social production and ecosystem and improve people's well-being. With the rapid economic development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the contradiction between supply and demand of water, energy and food resources is prominent. This study evaluates the ecosystem services in the Greater Bay Area from the three dimensions of "water-energy-food", modifies the ecological resistance surface by using Luo Jia No.1 luminous data, and constructs and optimizes the ecological security pattern of the Greater Bay Area by using the minimum cumulative resistance model. The findings are as follows: (1) The total area of ecological source in the Greater Bay Area is 9,626.1 km², mainly distributed in the mountainous and hilly areas in the east and west of the study area, corresponding to Jiangmen City, the middle of Huizhou City and Zhaoqing City, with an average altitude of over 1,000 m above sea level and relatively high terrain, dominated by woodlands. (2) There are 38 ecological corridors in total, with a total length of 2,023.09 km, of which the shortest is 11.76 km and the longest is 304.99 km. They are concentrated in the mountainous and hilly areas with good vegetation coverage, and there are no corridors in the middle. (3) The radiation area of ecological source is 28,929.5 km², accounting for 51.88% of the total area of the Greater Bay Area. The western part of the study area is almost completely covered, with more areas remaining uncovered in the east. In order to achieve 60% coverage, it is necessary to add a minimum of 4,524.856km² of ecological source radiation area in both the northern and southern parts of Huizhou. (4) Based on the distribution of the "water-energy-food" nexus in different regions, it is proposed to construct an ecological security pattern optimization model with "one belt, one axis and four clusters" as the core which could provide scientific references for regional ecological space development from the perspective of "water-energy-food".