厚煤层内小断层的反射槽波探测技术及应用

厚煤层、巨厚煤层工作面内的小断层一般断距或延展长度的规模较小，目前的探查方法和仪器受分辨率限制一般难以探查这类小断层，而小断层探查不清，将会对智能化工作面高效回采带来较大影响。针对这一问题，开展厚煤层内小断层反射槽波探测的数值模拟及现场实验工作。在数值模拟方面，采用交错网格有限差分法对厚煤层(6 m)、巨厚煤层(20 m)两种环境下含小断层(落差小于3 m)的数值模型进行三分量弹性波模拟，在对数值模拟结果进行频谱分析的基础上研究不同模型中的直达槽波与反射槽波的特征。在实际探查方面，通过不同矿区厚煤层、巨厚煤层实际发育断层进行透、反射数据综合研究，分析和比较透射与反射槽波方法对小断层的探查情况。研究表明，工面内构造发育相对简单的条件下，反射槽波对厚煤层、巨厚煤层工作面中小断层的探测较透射槽波有更强的识别性及准确性。 

Application of reflected in-seam wave detection for small faults in thick coal seams

In general, the fault distance and extension length of small faults in the working face of thick coal seams and extremely thick coal seams are short. Due to the limitation of resolution, it is generally difficult to detect such small faults with current methods and instruments. The unclear detection of small faults will have a great impact on the efficient recovery of the intelligent working face. To solve this problem, the numerical simulation and field experiment of small fault reflected in-seam wave detection in the thick coal seam are carried out. In terms of numerical simulation, the three-component elastic wave simulation of the numerical models with small faults(the drop less than 3 m) in thick coal seams(6 m) and extremely thick coal seams(20 m) is conducted by using the staggered grid finite difference method. On the basis of the spectrum analysis of the numerical simulation results, the characteristics of the direct in-seam wave and the reflected in-seam wave in different models are studied. In terms of practical exploration, through the comprehensive interpretation of transmission and reflection data of the actual developed faults in thick and extremely thick coal seams in different mining areas, the exploration of small faults by transmitted and reflected in-seam wave is studied. The research shows that the detection of small faults in the working face of thick coal seams and extremely thick coal seams by reflected in-seam wave is more recognizable and accurate than that by transmitted in-seam wave.