人类活动对洱海的影响及对策分析

针对洱海生态环境问题，１９９６－１９９７年间通过系列动态资料分析，环境现状调查和水，土，生物取样测试等方法进行湖泊人为影响和对策感化研究。结果显示１９８０－１９９６年扶持续降低水位给洱海下灾难性后果；近年来资源过量开发和面源污染又使洱海面临富营养化威胁。

Impacts of Human Activity on Erhai Lake and Countermeasures

The impacts of human activity on Erhai Lake and their countermeasures were analysised from 1996 to 1997 in view of the deterioration of ecological environment. First, the limitation of lake resources and fragility of ecological environment wee noted after studying the background of geology and geomorphology as well as the conditions of hydrology and meteorology in the lake basin area. The major human impacts in the historical preiod involeved in the enhanced deposition, lake shrinkage and water level decline which were caused by lumbering, expansive utilization of land. Human activities in the past 50 years have damaged the lake environment seriously with the development of civilization. The successive low water level from 1980 to 1986 has lead to a disastrous consequences on Lake Ahoy. In recent years, over-exploitation of resources, industrial pollution, wide use of chemical fertilizer and discharge of domestic wastewater etc., have accelerated eutrophication in the lake. Obviously, the intensity of human activity has surpassed the capacity of re-adjustment of the lake ecosystem. Hence, it is necessary to determine main functions of the lake in consideration of present conditions. In this paper, we suggest that tourism and supply of water be the main functions. Then, such measures as control of water volume balance, of nonpoint pollution, recovery of vegetation in the lake basin area and development of ecological agriculture should be adopted to protect the lake environment. Furthermore, human activety must be regulated in harmony with development of social economy and ecological environment through scientific administration.