浅析高精度地图发展现状及关键技术

随着国家对智能汽车创新发展战略任务的推进，作为其关键保障技术的高精度地图在近几年已经成为测绘等多个领域的研究重点。针对当前高精度地图综述性理论研究相对缺乏的问题，本文从高精度地图数据结构、数据生产和功能应用3个方面，对高精度地图相关的主要研究内容及现状进行阐述和总结。从数据结构层面，高精度地图描述内容可划分为静态地图数据和动态地图数据，其中静态地图数据是当前制图的重点；考虑数据生产的层次性，分别对高精度地图的生产模式、生产流程和具体的技术方法进行了分析，认为专业部门指导结合众包是数据生产的基本特征；以自动驾驶中的匹配定位和导航规划为代表，总结了高精度地图在应用方面的关键技术。最后，对高精度地图未来发展的方向进行了展望。

Analysis of the development status and key technologies of high-precision map

As the national strategic task for the innovation and development of intelligent vehicles is put forward and advanced, high-precision map has become a research focus in recent years. While high-precision map as a core element in automatic driving has been widely studied in many fields such as surveying and mapping, comprehensive theoretical research of its development status is still lacking. In this study, the definition of high-precision map and analysis on its comparison with traditional digital maps are firstly introduced. Then the main research and related works are divided into three categories, from the aspects of data structure, data production, function and application of high-precision map which are elaborated and summarized. From the perspective of data structure, high-precision map includes static map data and dynamic map data, with the former being the focus. In consideration of the level of data production, the production mode, process and specific technical methods of high-precision map are respectively analyzed. It is believed that the combination of professional department guidance and crowd-sourcing will be the basic feature of data production in the future. Then the key technologiesin high-precision map application are summarized, which play an important role in positioning and navigation of automatic driving.Some prospects about high-precision map and its future research are also made.