微波辐射计的逆向辐射对定标及辐射测量的影响

微波辐射计是一种无源的微波遥感器，系统中存在逆向辐射，它通过无线向外辐射能量。逆向辐射温度的大小与接收机的噪声温度和前端器件有关，系统中的逆向辐射温度对微波辐射计的定标及陆基微波辐射计天底角附近的微波辐射测量都产生一定的影响。

Reverse Radiation in Microwave Radiometer

The Microwave radiometer is a kind of passive microwave remote sensor. Generally microwave radiometer can be considered as passive receptors of radiation from objects with no energyradiated from the antenna to its surroundings practically the components of radiometers have thermal noise and radiate energy in the reverse direction. In another case, the reverse radiation comes from the mismatch of the components between the antenna and the receiver system. The energy radiated to the outside through the antenna is reflected by the objects and received by the antenna again. The value of revising radiative temperature is linked to the noise of the receiver and components of the receiver front-end. The reverse radiative temperature in the system will affect the accuracy of the microwave radiometer calibration and the ground-based microwave radiative measurements near nadir angle.