城乡劳动力的转移与城市化

本文从城市化基本定义出发,探讨了劳动力在农村与城市两大经济载体之间流动的机制,指出农业容纳力与排斥力、城市吸引力与吸收力是劳动力流动的决定因素,并在对四个因素进行相互关系分析的基础上,阐明了均衡与非均衡条件下劳动力转移的不同途径。

ON THE MECHANISM OF URBANIZATION

Defining the urbanization as the process of labour force transferring from traditional industry to modern industry as well as moving from rural area to urban area, the author suggested that urbanization could be realized through three channels. Such as two kinds of shihtings finished at the same time; space moving first and industry transferring second; and industry transferring first and space moving as follow. Through the study on the mobility of labour force between countryside and cities, the author proved that the main effecting and restraining factors-of this mobility were agricultural excluding force and capacity and urban attracting force and capacity. Based on seperating analysis of traditional agriculture and modern industry, the author found out the deciding variables of four factors, which helped creating the balance and unbalance models of rural and urban labour forces. The conditions of balance, the author believed, should be that the increment of total population is less than that of modern industry employment; the quality of rural labour meets the requirements of modern industry. If the conditions of balance are realized, urbanization will follow the first channel. If the balance conditions are not satisfied, however, urbanization will step on the second or the third channel. Having applied the theoretical model as above, the author analysed the situation of China and pointed out that the growth of population and economy staggered seriously in China because of the high increasing rate of population and the inclining policy to industry. To a great extent, the in creasing of population usually meant the increasing of surplus labour. Meanwhile, the deviation of policy led to a high cost of urbanization and weak capacity of modern industry which produced a serious unbalanced situation of labour forces in rural and urban areas. Because of this, China has stepped on the third channel of urbanization after 1980.