柴达木盆地大柴旦盐湖硼矿特征及成因研究

柴达木盆地是我国最大的盐湖产业基地,大柴旦盐湖为盆地内重要的固液相硼矿床,其卤水中富含硼、锂、钾、镁、钠、溴、碘等。通过勘查大柴旦地质背景和卤水储层地质特征,分析大柴旦湖水（地表卤水）、潜卤水、承压卤水水文地质特征、水化学特征,结果表明大柴旦地区硼、锂来源于地球深部,断裂构造为导卤构造,钾、钠、镁等盐类来源于周缘花岗岩,新构造运动形成大柴旦断陷盆地接受沉积,干旱的气候条件下沉积盐类地层,随着地下水补给增加,岩盐层溶解,形成高矿化度卤水,相应的硼、钾、锂等溶解于卤水之中,形成卤水（液体硼矿）。

The Characteristics and Genesisof Boron Depositsin Da Qaidam SaltLake of Qaidam Basin

The Qaidam Basin is the largest industrial base in Salt Lake,and the Salt Lake Basin is an im-portantsolid-liquidborondepositinthebasin,whichisrichinboron,lithium,potassium,magnesium,so-dium,bromine,iodine and so on.In order to provide an important basis for the fulldevelopment and appli-cationofDaQaidamSaltLake,throughthestudyofdachaidangeologicalbackground,brinereservoirgeo-logical characteristics,based on the analysis of the hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of the water(surface brine), buried brine and confined brine in the lake,it is considered that boron and lithium in the lake come from the deep part of the Earth,and the fault structure is a salt-conducting struc-ture,thesaltssuchaspotassium,sodiumandmagnesiumcomefromtheperipheralgranite,andtheneotec-tonic movementformedthe Da Qaidam faultedbasin to acceptthe sediments,the formation ofhighsalinity brine,the corresponding boron,potassium,lithium dissolved in the brine,the formation of brine(liquid boronore).