Combined effects of cadmium and butachlor on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure |
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Authors: | Jinhua Wang Yitong Lu Guoqing Shen |
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Institution: | (1) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China;(2) School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2678 Qixin Road, Shanghai, 201101, China |
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Abstract: | The combined effects of cadmium (Cd, 10 mg/kg of soil) and butachlor (5, 10 and 50 mg/kg of soil) on enzyme activities and
microbial community structure were assessed in phaeozem soil. The result showed that phosphatase activities were decreased
in soils with Cd (10 mg/kg of soil) alone whereas urease acitivities were unaffected by Cd. Urease and phosphatase activities
were significantly reduced by high butachlor concentration (50 mg/kg of soil). When Cd and butachlor concentrations in soils
were added at milligram ratio of 2:1 or 1:2, urease and phosphatase activities were decreased, while enzyme activities were
greatly improved at the ratio of 1:5. This study indicates that the combined effects of Cd and butachlor on soil urease and
phosphatase activities depend largely on the addition concentration ratios to soils. The random amplified polymorphic DNA
(RAPD) analysis showed that the changes occurring in RAPD profiles of different treated samples included variation in loss
of normal bands and appearance of new bands compared with the control soil. The RAPD fingerprints showed substantial differences
between the control and treated soil samples, with apparent changes in the number and size of amplified DNA fragments. The
results showed that the addition of high concentration butachlor and the combined applied Cd and butachlor significantly affected
the diversity of microbial community. The present results suggest that RAPD analysis in conjunction with other biomarkers
such as soil enzyme parameter etc. would prove a powerful ecotoxicological tool. |
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Keywords: | Cadmium (Cd) Butachlor Urase Phosphatase Combined effect DNA polymorphism change |
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