耦合水库群参数化方案的区域陆面水文模拟

中国水库数目众多，密集的水库运行和调蓄影响着陆地水循环和陆气间的水分能量交换过程，给高强度开发地区水文规律认知和水文模拟及预报带来了挑战。围绕这一问题，本研究以鄱阳湖流域及流域内千余座水库为研究对象，从水库水量平衡方程、水库蓄泄规则、多阻断扩散波汇流等方面构建了水库群参数化方案，并从地表水、地下水、蒸散发、能量通量等角度实现了其与陆面水文双向耦合模式（CLHMS）的动态耦合。结果表明:所构建的水库群参数化方案可以较好地模拟水库的蓄泄过程，提高了耦合模式在鄱阳湖流域的径流模拟精度；水库群可以使赣江、信江、抚河丰水期径流减少3.7%~6.0%，枯水期径流增加5.9%~12.6%，多年平均径流减少0.6%~1.5%；在空间分布上，水库群对流域中部和北部径流的调蓄作用相对显著。本研究所改进的陆面水文模式可以为高强度人类活动影响下气象、水文、水资源交叉领域的研究提供分析工具和模型基础，从而支撑变化环境下区域水资源的可持续利用。

Regional coupled land surface-hydrologic simulation fully coupled with reservoir network scheme

China has a very large number of reservoirs, and the operation of high-density reservoir networks impacts the terrestrial water cycle and the land-atmosphere moisture and energy exchange, which brings challenges to the understanding of hydrological processes and the hydrologic simulation and forecasting. In this regard, this study focuses on the Poyang Lake basin (PLB) and over 1000 reservoirs in the basin, and developed a reservoir network scheme in terms of the reservoir water balance, reservoir release rules, and routing methods with the sectioned two-dimensional diffusion wave equation. The scheme was then fully coupled to the land surface-hydrological model CLHMS through surface water, subsurface water, evapotranspiration and energy balance. Results indicate that the scheme can well capture the reservoir operation, and can enhance the accuracy of streamflow simulation; the reservoirs in the PLB can decrease the runoff by 3.7%—6.0% in the wet season, increase the runoff by 5.9%—12.6% in the dry season, and decrease the multi-year average runoff by 0.6%—1.5% for the Gan, Fu and Xin River. Spatially, reservoirs have a more prominent regulating effect on the streamflow in the middle and northern part of the basin. The newly modified land surface-hydrologic model in this study can provide an analyzing tool and model basis for multidisciplinary research of atmosphere, hydrology and water resources, thereby supporting the sustainable use of water resources in areas under changing environment.