气象灾害风险管理系统设计与应用

为满足我国气象灾害风险管理业务体系建立和发展的需求，有效支撑防灾减灾决策服务，设计并建设了气象灾害风险管理系统。该系统包括大数据应用、模型算法、在线分析与产品制作、综合运维等分系统，面向暴雨、台风、干旱、高温、低温等主要气象灾害，覆盖气象灾害风险管理业务的主要环节，实现灾害监测识别、影响评估、风险评估、风险预估和风险区划等功能。系统探索应用时空匹配的大数据融合、Web-GIS、空间数据分布式存储、微服务和多租户等技术。目前，系统可实现实时发布灾情监测、灾害事件识别、影响评估、风险评估、风险预估、风险区划等多类业务产品。在国家级气象业务部门的应用显示，该系统具有良好的业务能力与发展前景，有助于推进客观化、定量化、精细化气象灾害风险管理业务发展，提升防灾减灾决策服务能力。

Design and Implementation of Meteorological Disaster Risk Management System

China is one of the countries with the most serious meteorological disasters in the world. Reducing disaster losses and mitigating disaster risks is important for improving social governance and enhancing people's welfare, and it is also the fundamental goal of meteorological services. As a non-engineering measure for disaster prevention and mitigation, Meteorological Disaster Risk Management System (MDRMS) provides users with reference for decision making and is one of the most effective tools for mitigating meteorological disaster risks. In order to effectively reduce the risk of meteorological disasters and meet the urgent needs of service, China National Climate Center has designed and built MDRMS. MDRMS provides decision-makers and other stakeholders with professional services with four sub-systems:Big data application sub-system, model algorithm sub-system, online analysis sub-system, and comprehensive operation sub-system.From the view of application and function, MDRMS realizes the functions of disaster monitoring and identification, disaster impact assessment, risk assessment, risk prediction, risk zoning, and disaster information services for major meteorological disasters such as rainstorm, typhoon, drought, high temperature and low temperature. A series of products are also established.From the view of design and construction, the key technologies adopted are generic and the operation is intuitive and friendly. The system is built with key technologies such as big data fusion based on spatial-temporal matching, Web-GIS, distributed spatial data storage, micro service, and multi-tenant. The application of new technologies significantly improves the access efficiency and application capability of the system to multi-source, heterogeneous and massive data related to meteorology disaster risk management and enhances the user experience.From the view of deployment and openness, MDRMS has better integration, openness and scalability. It is deployed in China Meteorological Administration, ensuring access, personalized configuration, and service customization for internal users at four levels:National, provincial, municipal, and county levels, as well as access for external users at some product levels.The implementation of MDRMS shows that it has good operational capability and development prospect, which promotes the objective development of meteorological disaster risk management operation and enhances disaster prevention and mitigation decision-making service capability. In the future, the system will be improved following the principle of intensification, integration, and objectification. It will be integrated with the meteorological big data cloud platform in terms of data environment, product interfaces and algorithm functions, and provincial versions and mobile versions will be vigorously developed, focusing on creating an application ecosystem for MDRMS, providing richer and more practical meteorological disaster risk management products for users at all levels, and further playing an important role of information technology in meteorological disaster risk management.