A grain size model for role of tectonics and climate on sedimentation in Siwaliks in Mohand area

The physical characteristics of sedimentary record are governed largely by grain size distribution in Mohand area where Middle and Upper Siwalik successions are investigated to characterize the sediments deposited in response to the prevailing tectonic activities and climatic conditions. Here we show with the help of cluster analysis that precipitation and tectonic perturbations generate characteristic patterns of grain sizes and stratigraphic succession. Previous studies suggested an increase in precipitation represented by the abrupt accumulation of sediments to foreland Siwalik basin around 11 to 10 Ma. First appearance of diagnostic minerals of the Great Himalayan complex in Siwalik sediments at 9.2 Ma implies the accelerated erosion of Himalaya during Middle to Late Miocene. The response of sedimentation to tectonic activity is resulted by the presence of coarse grained gravel units in Siwalik succession of Mohand area. Apatite fission-track dates and muscovite cooling ages confirm the strong activity on boundary thrusts during 8-6 Ma. Although the responses are non-linear and transient, we clusterize these non-linear responses to tectonics and climate and quantify them to find out the role of tectonics and climate in architecture of sedimentary succession.