胶州湾北岸滨海地区4个时期生态系统服务价值和生态功能区划分研究

生态功能分区是生态系统管理的重要环节,与生态系统服务权衡/协同密切相关,对小尺度区域进行生态功能分区,有助于实现精细化资源管理。以位于胶州湾北岸的青岛市城阳区和胶州市为研究区,采用当量因子法,计算研究区的生态系统服务价值;采用相关分析和双变量局部自相关分析方法,揭示1990年、2000年、2010年和2017年研究区生态系统服务价值的空间集聚特征,分析生态系统各种服务价值间权衡与协同关系;采用K-means聚类分析方法,识别生态系统服务簇,划分生态功能区。研究结果表明,1990~2017年期间,随着时间的推移,1990年、2000年、2010年和2017年胶州湾北岸滨海地区生态系统服务总价值在波动减少,其中,水域、盐田、其它用地和居住用地的生态系统服务价值在波动增加,滩涂、养殖池、耕地、工矿仓储用地和商服用地的生态系统服务价值在波动减少;生态系统服务的集聚区都为沿海滩涂区域,但是,生态系统服务价值的冷点区域不断向东北部和西南部扩张;研究区生态系统服务间的主导关系为协同关系;食物生产与水资源供给、食物生产与土壤保持、食物生产与提供美学景观的关系为权衡关系;胶州湾北岸滨海地区可以划分为生态保护区、旅游发展区、渔业养殖区和混合发展区4个功能区。

Ecosystem Service Values for 4 Periods and Ecological Function Zoning of Coastal Wetlands on North Shore of Jiaozhou Bay

Ecological function zoning is an important part of ecosystem management,which links closely with ecosystem service trade offs and synergies.The study of ecological function zoning in a small area may be a useful tool for improving the management of natural resource.In this paper,taking the Chengyang region and Jiaozhou city on the north shore of Jiaozhou bay as an example,the values of ecosystem services were assessed by the equivalent factor method.Correlation analysis and bivariate local autocorrelation analysis were used to reveal the spatial clustering characteristics of ecosystem service values,and to analyze the tradeoffs and synergies among the values of various ecosystem services in 1990,2000,2010 and 2017.Used the Kmeans clustering analysis method to get the ecosystem service bundles,with the ecological function zoning on this basis.The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services decreased from 1990 to 2017,the values of ecosystem services of water area,salt field,other land and residential land increased,however,the values of ecosystem services of tidal flat,breeding pond,cultivated land,industrial and mining storage land and commercial clothing land decreased.The aggregation areas of ecosystem services were coastal tidal flats areas,but the cold spots of values of ecosystem services were continuously expanding to the northeast and southwest.The dominant relationship among ecosystem services was synergy.The relationships between food production and water supply,food production and soil conservation,and food production and aesthetic landscape were trade-offs.The north shore of Jiaozhou bay could be divided into 4 functional zones:ecological protection zone,tourism development zone,fishery and breeding zone and mixed development zone.