Air–sea coupling in the North Atlantic during summer |
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Authors: | Zeng-Zhen Hu Bohua Huang |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Road, Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705, USA;(2) Climate Dynamics Program, School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA |
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Abstract: | In this work, we have investigated the evolution of the summer air–sea interaction in the North Atlantic Ocean and the physical
processes involved using reanalysis data and model simulation. It is found that an atmosphere disturbance over the North Atlantic
Ocean in the preceding winter favors the build-up of a North Atlantic horseshoe-like sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA)
pattern in the summer through modifying the northeast trade winds and changing ocean upwelling and downwelling. The changed
ocean condition (SSTA, upwelling, and downwelling) further intensifies the atmosphere disturbance as a positive feedback.
The thermal advection of the atmosphere disturbance weakens the SSTA pattern in the following autumn and winter. The anomalous
circulation associated with the air–sea interaction in the observations is characterized by a barotropic structure in the
middle and high latitudes of the North Atlantic Ocean. The baroclinic component is enhanced in the model simulation, particularly
in the seasons from summer to winter. The life cycle of the air–sea interaction is about 1 year in both the observations and
simulations. |
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