加拿大案例探讨寻找金刚石矿的三个关键点

20世纪90年代初，加拿大地质学家Charles E Fipke先生在加拿大高寒的Lac De Gras地区发现的含金刚石的金伯利岩，把加拿大带入了寻找金刚石矿的高潮，相继在Lac De Gras地区发现金伯利岩管群和在加拿大中部的Fort à la Corne发现的金伯利岩群，使得加拿大金刚石产量位居世界第三。本文综述这两个地区金刚石矿的发现和分析含金刚石的金伯利岩的存在的特征，指出太古宙地台环境是含金刚石的金伯利岩存在的基础，厚度大的太古宙地台底部是金刚石晶体缓慢生长的天然高温高压培育仓、沿冰碛或沿水系沉积物追踪金伯利岩指示矿物是溯源金刚石母岩的手段、认识金伯利质火山地貌形态能起到在寻找金伯利质火山位置过程中事半功倍的效果，有助于理解金伯利质火山口相的变化。

A discussion on key points in diamond prospecting based on case studies in Canada

The discovery of diamondiferous kimberlite in the cold Lac De Gras area of Canada by the Canadian geologist Charles E. Fipke in the 1990s crowned extensive efforts to locate this mineral. The kimberlites were found in the Lac De Gras and the Fort à la Corne areas in the central part of Canada, resulting in its becoming the third largest diamond producer. This paper compiles data on the discovery of diamond deposits in these two areas and analyses their characteristics. It highlights the fundamental role of the Archean craton in the formation of diamondiferous kimberlite. The thick bottom of the Archean platform is a natural high temperature and high pressure incubator for the slow growth of diamond crystals. The tracing of kimberlite indicator minerals in glacial and/or fluvial deposits is a useful technique to trace diamondiferous kimberlite. Documenting the morphology of kimberlite volcanoes can also boost efforts to trace changes in kimberlite crater facies.