沈阳地区河水及沿岸地下水中卤代烃的污染特征

选择沈阳地区主要河流(浑河、蒲河、细河、沈抚灌渠)地表水及其沿岸地下水进行卤代烃的定量分析,研究并探讨了卤代脂肪烃和卤代单环芳烃的污染分布特征。浑河和蒲河河水中卤代烃检出率较低,以二氯甲烷为主,检出率为33.3%。检出率高值区主要在细河和沈抚灌渠,13种卤代烃被检出。在30个站点地表水样品中有6个站点卤代烃个别化合物浓度超过我国生活饮用水卫生标准。在13个监测井中,有1个井水的1,2-二氯乙烷浓度(101.1μg/L)超标。卤代烃污染以细河上游和中游以及沈抚灌渠上游最为突出。在细河上游大于镇和中游彰驿镇河水中卤代烃的含量较高,可能与沿岸化工企业有关。沿岸土壤层中砂层为受污染的河水对浅层地下水的补给提供了条件,造成浅层地下水污染,对当地生态系统和人类健康构成潜在的威胁。

Contamination Characteristics of Halohydro-carbons in Surface Water and Ground Water from Shenyang Area

Concentrations of halohydrocarbons in surface and ground water samples from Shenyang area were determined. The contamination levels and distribution characteristics of halohydrocarbons were discussed. The detectable rates of water samples from Hunhe River and Puhe River were low (about 33.3%, dominated by dichloromethane) and that of the halohydrocarbons in Xihe River and Shenfu Irrigation Channel were high with 13 halohydrocarbons detected. Concentrations of some individual halohydrocarbons from 6 of 30 surface water sampling sites, exceeded the national hygienic standard values for drinking water. The concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane (101.1 μg/L) from one of 13 sampling wells exceeded the national hygienic standard value for drinking water. Highest concentration values occurred at the upstream of Shenfu Irrigation Channel, the upstream and midstream of the Xihe River, possibly due to the waste discharge from chemical plants along the rivers. The sand layer in the soils could provide transportation of pollutants from the polluted rivers, which could be potential threat to ecosystem and local population.