大气边界层物理与大气环境过程研究进展

总结了近5年来中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室(LAPC)在第二代超声风速温度仪研制、城市边界层研究、复杂地形大气边界层探测与数值模拟、湍流机理研究、大气污染模式发展与应用等领域的主要进展，其中，第二代超声风速温度仪的野外对比测试结果表明其主要性能完全达到了国际先进水平；北京城市化发展使得北京325 m气象塔周边近地面流场已经具备了典型城市粗糙下垫面的流场特征，近地面夏季平均风速呈现非常明显的逐年递减趋势；北京沙尘暴大风时期湍流运动主要是小尺度湍涡运动，而大风的概率分布偏离高斯分布，风速较大的一侧概率分布呈指数迅速衰减，大风中风速很大的部分具有分形特征；珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区两次综合强化探测实验是迄今为止在青藏高原大型山地中实施的针对山地环流和物质／能量交换最为全面和连续的大气过程探测实验；白洋淀地区的观测研究表明，非均匀边界层具有一般边界层不具备的特点，无论是边界层结构还是湍流输送方面，水、陆边界层之间存在一定的差异，凸显其地表非均匀性的作用；为了解决不同尺度、不同类型的大气污染问题和实际应用，研制或发展完善了多套大气污染模式系统，包括全球大气化学模式、区域大气污染数值模式、城市大气污染数值模式和微小尺度(如街区尺度)范围内污染物输送扩散模式。

An Overview of Recent Studies on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Environment in LAPC

Advances in the supersonic anemometer thermometer(UAT-2) development,urban boundary layer studies,field experiments and numerical simulations of atmospheric boundary layer structure over complex terrain,the turbulent mechanism study and air pollution model development and application obtained in the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in recent 5 years are briefly summarized in this paper.Comparison results of a field experiment show that UAT2 monitored wind speed and direction are in very good agreement with those by an Omnidirectional R3 Research Ultrasonic Anemometer,one of the best supersonic anemometers in the world.Surface layer wind fields near the Beijing 325-m meteorological tower are typical over urban rough surfaces and average wind speed at surface layer in summer tends to decrease obviously in association with urbanization of Beijing.Two intensive integrated field experiments on the slope of Mt.Everest are thought as comprehensive and continuous observation studies on atmospheric physical processes ever conducted in the Tibetan Plateau and targeted for local circulations over hilly areas and mass/energy exchange between surface and free atmosphere.Observation studies in the Baiyangdian area indicate that inhomogeneous boundary has some peculiarities over water and land because of inhomogeneity in underlying surface.A set of air quality model systems including global chemical transport models,regional and urban scale air quality models and micro-scale transport and diffusion models are developed and improved to solve different air pollution issues at different scales.