退耕还林工程对农户生计的影响——以贵州省关岭县为例

以关岭县3个退耕村及1个未退耕村为对象，采用参与式方法调查退耕还林工程对农户经济收入和粮食产量的影响。调查发现，由于耕地面积减少了，退耕农户的粮食产量均不同程度下降；但由于退耕还林释放的农村剩余劳动力通过外出务工获得了高于过去种地的经济收益或通过畜牧业增加了收入，退耕地上种植的经济林产生了可观的经济效益，耕地减少后农民增加了单位面积上的农业投入，且国家提供的退耕还林补贴高于实际种地的收益．绝大多数退耕农户经济收入都有不同程度的增加。为巩固退耕还林建设成果，提出了从树种选择、农作物种植结构调整、畜牧业、基础设施建设、农村能源建设、生态移民、为农村剩余劳动力转移创造有利条件等方面推进后续产业发展的建议。

IMPACT OF RETURNING LAND FOR FARMING TO FORESTRY (RLFF) PROJECT ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL FAMILIES——BASED ON THE CASE STUDY IN GUANLING COUNTY,GUIZHOU PROVINCE

The participatory approach was employed to investigate the impact of RLFF Project on rural families' income and grain production in four villages of Guanling County,among which three implemented the RLFF Project while the remaining one did not.It showed that after RLFF Project grain production declined more or less owing to decrease of farmland.However,since labor forces released by the project obtained higher income by working away from home than farming or by raising stocks,economic forests established by the project generated considerable income,farmers increased investment on the decreased farmland,and subsidies provided by the government surpassed income from farming,as a result,more or less,income for most of these rural families increased.In order to augment acquired achievements of the project,it was proposed to promote follow-up industry development through plant species selection,crop pattern adjustment,stockbreeding,infrastructure and rural energy resources construction,migration for ecological purposes,and creating better environment for surplus labor forces in rural areas.