冲击地压预测和防治

冲击地压严重威胁煤矿生产安全,发生时生产设施遭到破坏,甚至造成人员伤亡。我国是冲击地压最严重的国家之一。针对国内外冲击地压的现状,阐述了国内外冲击地压及其预测、防治的情况,对现有主要的预测技术进行了分析,指出使用电磁脉冲进行预测和水力钻孔割缝进行防治具有的特点。钻屑法是一种简便易行的预测方法,电磁辐射、电脉冲、声发射等也可用于冲击地压的预测。冲击地压防治技术主要有开采解放层、煤层注水、爆破卸压、钻孔卸压等,水力钻孔割缝是一种有待研究的新方法。

FORECAST AND PREVENTION OF ROCKBURST

Rockburst threat to coal mining safety seriously. It can destroy the establishment, and make personnel injuries or deaths. China is one of the most serious countries in rockburst. Against the abroad and our countries current situation of rockburst, the forecast and prevention methods were discussed; the present forecast techniques were analyzed in this paper. It was pointed out that use electromagnetic pulse to forecast and use hydraulic slit-cut to prevent rockburst. The drilling bits method is a forecast technique that is sample and convenient. Other methods can use to prevent rockburst also, such as electromagnetic radiation, electric pulse, voice radiation and et al. The prevention techniques consist of mining liberate layer, water injection technique among coal seam, demolition unload pressure and drilling unload pressure. The hydraulic slit-cut technique is new method of prevention rockburst that need study deeply.