论干旱区农业走内涵式发展道路的意义

根据干旱区生态环境的特点,讨论了农业内涵式发展与外延式发展的区别,同时结合新疆等一些干旱地区的具体情况,分析了单纯走外延式农业发展道路的弊端与局限性,并重点讨论了在实行农业内涵式发展的重要意义。指出内涵式发展模式为干旱区农业持续发展的最佳模式。从该模式的自身特点来看,在干旱区农业发展过程中,采用这一模式将更加符合干旱区资源的持续利用与经济的持续发展原则。

Importance of Intension Development of Agriculture in Arid Area

There are two ways of agricultural development: One is the extension development characterized by enlarging cultivated area and increasing agricultural labor; The other is the intension development by using improved scientific techniques to tap the productive potential of existing farm lands. In the past decades, great progress was gained in agriculture of arid land under the affect and direction of the extension development model. However, many problems on eco environment and society due to put more stress on the extension development in agriculture and pay less attention to the improvement of science and technology. Typical problems include environment degeneration (salification, desertification and increasing of surface dust storms, etc.), lower crop yield and economic benefit in parts of the reclamation areas. All of above mentioned problems are the main restricton on the development of agricultural economy in arid land. In recent years, the center of economic development in China is moved westward. With advantageous natural conditions in agriculture, a new large scale reclamation of the uncultivated lands is being on the upgrade in Xinjiang. It is a thing should be taken seriously. A large scale reclamation will cause a series of problems on environment and ecology in arid land. These problems are still troublesome for us. Owing to the extremely harsh climate and adverse circumstance in arid area, the plants scatter sparsely, the water amount is insufficient and the water resources are distributed unevenly in time and space. Therefore, to implement extension development in agriculture alone would cause many problems on environment, ecology and society. The problems can be summarized as follows: ①the local environment aggravation; ② the sacrifice of eco environment at the lower reaches area of a river due to the development in agriculture at the upper reaches. On the other hand, to adopt the model of intension development in agriculture in arid land can make remarkable comprehensive benefits. It may avoid the disadvantageous effects caused by implementation of the extension development. It is favorable for raising the scientific and technical level. It accords with the principle of sustainable development.