成都双流机场能见度气候特征及气象相关性分析

能见度在气象学尤其是航空气象上具有重要意义.为了找出能见度与局地气象要素甚至气候特征的关系,通过对成都双流机场1986～2010年的自动观测资料进行统计分析,得到双流机场能见度的统计变化规律：机场低能见度（如能见度＜ 1000m）的日数呈逐年减少趋势;在温度、气压和湿度这些常规气象要素中,平均气温逐年递增,并且与低能见度天数呈较好的负相关关系;平均气压逐年减小,与低能见度天数基本呈正相关关系;而平均湿度逐年下降,并与低能见度天数保持一定的正相关特性.统计发生低能见度时的天气现象可知,雾尤其是辐射雾是造成双流机场低能见度的主要天气,其次是烟和强的降水.局地气温的升高是导致机场能见度变化的主要的直接因素,而导致局地变暖的原因可能是城市化的扩大,成都平原的气候变化,甚至东亚季风的改变也有贡献.

The Analysis of Climatic Characteristics and Meteorological Relationship of the Visibility of the Chengdu Shuangliu Airport

Visibility is very important for meteorology, especially for aeronautical meteorology. In order to find the re- lationship of visibility and meteorological factors, particularly climate, it is necessary to make research on the subject. With analysis of automatic observation data of Chengdu Shuangliu airport from 1986 to 2010, it can be seenhow the visibility changes generaly：The fog occurs not so frequently as before. ;Among the temperature, pressure and humidi- ty, it is the temperature which is mostly correlated to the visibility and with the pressure and humidity closer to it. And among the weathers which cause low visibility, it is the fog that has the most influenceand with smoke and heavy rain afterwards. The rise of temperature should lay an importantrole in the change of the visibility of local air- port. However, it may be the spread of city which makes the temperature rise, or the change of local climate of Chengdu plain, and perhaps the change of East-asia monsoon that also makes contribution to what we have seen.