黑河上游夏半年河水化学组成及年内过程

2006年5月至2006年10月在黑河上游扎马什克、祁连及莺落峡水文站逐日采集河水样,同期在七一冰川冰采集融水样,研究水化学组成、演化特征及其影响因素。样品分析结果表明：黑河上游山区,受人类活动影响较少,水中可溶性无机离子的含量比较低,主要受水岩作用过程影响。水文因素,特别是降水是控制水中化学物质含量季节变化的主要因素。受流域地理-地貌特征及水文差异影响,祁连水文站样品中Cl-,NO-3,SO2-4和Na+的含量相对较高,札马什克样品中Ca2+,Mg2+和HCO-3浓度较大,莺落峡的水化学组成介于扎马什克与祁连之间。在流域范围内,气候差异是引起水化学组成变化的主要因素。上游河水中的化学物质主要来源于碳酸盐溶解,也有部分硫酸盐的贡献,随径流演化,岩盐和硫酸盐的贡献逐渐占主要地位。

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Inner-year Process of Upper Heihe River in Summer Half Year

In order to study the characteristics of hydrochemical composition and evolution of surface water in the upper reach of Heihe River, day-to-day water samples are collected in Zhamashenke, Qilian and Yingluoxia hydrological stations from May to October 2006. The results indicate: The concentration of major soluble ions in the upper reach is low, which is more influenced by the process of water-rock and rather than by human activities. The seasonal change of major ions concentration are more influenced by hydrological factors, particularly rainfall. The ionic concentrations in water samples are similar in the three hydrological stations, but the composition of ions is significantly different. The concentrations of Cl-, NO-3, SO2-4 and Na+ are relatively high in Qilian station, that of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO-3 are high in Zhamashenke station. Within the catchment, the hydrochemical composition is mainly influenced by climate. The major ions mainly come from dissolved carbonate, partially sulfate.