辽西北风沙地不同林草措施土壤水文效应研究

选取辽西北沙地典型农牧交错地带为研究区域，以荒草地作为对照，研究樟子松林地、杨树林地、灌木林地、人工草地4种植被恢复措施下0~100 cm土层内土壤容重、孔隙度、蓄水能力和土壤饱和导水率（K_fs）等土壤水分物理性质的变化特征。结果表明：杨树林地表层土壤容重最小，其次是灌木林地、樟子松林地、人工草地，荒草地最大；随土层的递增，土壤容重均表现出增大的趋势。各样地土壤毛管孔隙度随着土壤深度的增加均呈现出明显的下降趋势，与土壤容重呈显著负相关关系（p=-0.583^*，n=5）。不同植被恢复措施土壤蓄水容量具有一定差异，其范围在3 761.59~4 366.94 t·hm^-2之间，其中蓄水容量最高的是杨树林地，达到了4 366.94 t·hm^-2，蓄水容量最低的是荒草地，为3 761.59 t·hm^-2。不同植被恢复措施有效蓄容位于1 315.50~2 047.62 t·hm^-2之间，其中以杨树林地最大，樟子松林地最小。5种沙地类型K_fs排序为灌木林地（2.49 mm·min^-1）>人工草地（1.81 mm·min^-1）>荒草地（1.73 mm·min^-1）>樟子松林地（1.61 mm·min^-1）>杨树林地（1.44 mm·min^-1），人工草地和荒草地的K_fs随土层增加先减小后增大，樟子松林地、杨树林地和灌木林地先增大后减小。该地区林木恢复措施效果优于草地，应着重发展林木恢复措施。

Hydrological effects of different forest and grass measures on the soil in wind sandy land of Northwestern Liaoning Province

This paper took the agriculture and pasturage interlaced zone of the typical sandy land in northwestern Liaoning as the study area.With the wild grass ground being the reference,the change characteristics of the physical properties of the soil moisture within 0-100 cm soil layer, such as soil bulk density,porosity,water holding capacity and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity,were investigated for different types of land cover including the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica land,poplar forest land,shrub land and artificial grassland.The results showed that the surface soil bulk density of the poplar forest land was the minimum,followed by shrub land, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica,artificial grassland and wild grassland.The soil bulk density showed an increasing trend with the increase of soil layer depth.The soil capillary porosity showed a significant downward trend with the increase of soil depth and had a significant negative correlation with the soil bulk density ( p=-0.583^*, n=5).The soil water holding capacity under different vegetation restoration measures were different with a range of variation from 3 761.59 to 4 366.94 t·hm^-2,and the poplar forest land held the highest of 4 366.94 t·hm^-2 and the artificial grassland,the lowest of 4 055.34 t·hm^-2.The effective capacity of different vegetation restoration measures ranged from 1 315.50 to 2 047.62 t·hm^-2,among which the maximal is the poplar forest land and the minimum,the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica.The ranking of the five types of sandy land on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was as follows:shrub land(2.49 mm·min^-1)>artificial grassland(1.81 mm·min^-1)>wild grassland (1.73 mm·min^-1)> Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica land(1.61 mm·min^-1)>poplar forest land(1.44 mm·min^-1).With the increase of soil depth,the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of artificial grassland and wild grassland was decreased first and then increased,while for the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica,poplar forest land and shrub land,it was increased first and then decreased.The effect of forest restoration measures in Horqin Sandy Land is better than that of grassland and therefore the forest restoration measures should take the priority.