旅游客源市场等级划分理论的应用及比较

基于旅游理论和实践的需要,对目前用于客源市场等级划分的3种基础理论——引力模型、空间距离递减规律及旅游竞争态模型理论的内涵和优缺点进行分析和评述;以神农架旅游客源市场等级划分为案例,从模型变量、数据要求、科学程度、应用难度、应用程度等方面对上述3种理论的应用价值进行比较研究。结果表明:从应用价值和科学程度而言,引力模型在市场域较大的旅游目的地或旅游景区(点)客源市场等级划分中具有显著优势;空间距离递减规律可作为市场域较小的旅游目的地或旅游景区(点)客源市场等级划分的主要依据;与引力模型、空间距离递减规律相比,旅游竞争态模型对数据要求较高,其应用较少。同时,任何一种理论都有其应用条件,实践中应根据实际情况和经验对理论划分结果进行必要的修正。

Application and Comparison of Theory Models for Classification of Tourism Market Grades

Based on the application demands for the classification of tourism market grades,three theory models named respectively Space Decreasing Law,Competitive State of Tourism Market Theory and Gravitation Model are suggested in this paper.First,the meaning and restricting conditions of each theory model are expounded.Then through the case study on classification of tourism market grades of Shennongjia,each theory model is compared with others in several aspects such as the number of variable,the degree of difficulty in practice,the frequency of application etc.At last,the paper gives out the conclusion that each theory model has its own advantages in the classification of tourism market grades of specified tourist destination.For example,for a big tourist destination,Gravitation Model has the highest application value in the classification of tourism market grades.For a small tourist destination,Space Decreasing Law has the highest application value.Certainly it is important that three theory models are taken into account at the same time in the classification of tourism market grades.