内蒙古西鄂尔多斯国家自然保护区植被的遥感分布特征及变化探测

西鄂尔多斯自然保护区位于荒漠、半荒漠地带的中国北方生态环境脆弱带上,保护区内的植物从第三纪演化至今仍带有荒漠特有种群标记,对研究环境演化、生物多样性、全球变化等都具有重大的学术价值和诊断意义,受到国内外生物学、生态学、地理学等学科研究者的极大的关注。利用传统的研究方法和样方统计方法不仅费时、费工,而且进展缓慢,另外,很难实现对保护区植物分布规律与生境的全面了解与监测。我们利用Landsat-5、7卫星提供的1987年9月的TM和1999年8月的ETM数据,两景不同时相的数据间隔12年,分辨率为30m;1∶25万的DEM数据;地面样方统计数据等。用遥感技术对西鄂尔多斯珍稀濒危植物群落进行分布规律和变化探测的研究,可以快速、大范围、准确、实时获取资源环境状况及其变化数据,建立三维立体景观虚拟现实图,再结合野外实地考察样方统计数据的综合分析,揭示了间隔12年植被分布规律和植被覆盖动态变化情况。为合理利用这些植被资源,对受损荒漠生态系统的恢复提供了依据,同时,对于保护和改善我国荒漠地区的生活环境和探索荒漠地区可持续发展也具有重要的意义。

Remote Sensing Distribution Pattern and Changes Detection of West Ordos Vegetation

West Ordos Nature Conservancy Distribute locates at north environment fragility belt of Hungriness and Half hungriness Belt in China. The plants in this area have always appeared the sign of Hungriness specific vegetation from tertiary evolvement till now. It is overwhelming importance of academic value and diagnose meaning to study environment evolvement, biology diversity and globe transformation, with great worldwide attention of researcher of many subjects such as biology, ecology and geography. Traditional research method and sample statistic approach is not only need more time and labor, but also are difficult to totally comprehend and monitor the biology diversity and environment. Take advantage of two scapes of TM and ETM data from Landsat 5,7 planet at an interval of 12 years(Sept.1987 and Aug.,1999 )、1∶250,000 scale DEM data and sample statistics data, Researchers can use remote sensing technique to study the distribution pattern and changes detection of West Ordos Vegetation, which acquires rapid and precise large scope and real time data of resource environment status and its changes, produces a virtual reality 3 D imagery ,and merges with the synthesis analysis of Sample statistic. It opens up vegetation diversity rule and changes status at 12 years intervals. It takes reasonable advantage of these vegetation resource, and provides basis to the revival of damaged hungriness ecological system. At the same time, it is important to protect and improve hungriness environment and to explore the persistent development of hungriness distribution.