冰川/积雪-大气相互作用研究进展

冰川和积雪是冰冻圈的重要组成部分,在全球或区域气候系统中起着极其重要的作用.开展冰川/积雪-大气相互作用研究,是研究冰冻圈物理过程及其对气候系统反馈作用的必然需求,也是研究冰川/积雪对气候变化响应的有效手段,同时还可为全球(区域)气候和水文模式提供冰川/积雪面的地表特征参数.近一个世纪以来,在冰川/积雪面辐射特征、能量通量计算方法和平衡特征等方面开展了许多观测试验和理论研究,并取得了卓有成效的研究结果.但是在准确获取辐射通量、研发普适性较强的反照率参数化方案、复杂地形条件下能量通量的计算,以及发展分布式能量平衡模式等方面尚存在许多不确定性,仍面临许多技术难点,也是未来的研究重点.

Progress in the Study of Interaction between Ice/Snow and Atmosphere

Glaciers and snow cover,as the main components of the cryosphere,play very important role in the global and regional climate system.The study of interaction between ice/snow and atmosphere is the requirement of understanding physical process in the cryosphere and its feedback to the climate system,and is also the efficient measure to research the response of glaciers and snow cover to climate change,as well as can provide surface parameters of ice/snow for global(regional) climatic and hydrology models.During the last century,a large variety of observational experiments and theory results have been obtained,ranging from characteristics of radiation and energy balance on the ice/snow surface to energy-balance models.Despite considerable advances mentioned above,there are still a need to resolve some technique uncertainties and difficulties,such as measuring radiation fluxes exactly,developing universal albedo parameterization and distributed energy-balance models,calculating energy fluxes in complicated terrain covered with ice/snow,and thus further research is needed.