Characterizing and navigating small bodies with imaging data |
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| Authors: | R W GASKELL O S BARNOUIN‐JHA D J SCHEERES A S KONOPLIV T MUKAI S ABE J SAITO M ISHIGURO T KUBOTA T HASHIMOTO J KAWAGUCHI M YOSHIKAWA K SHIRAKAWA T KOMINATO N HIRATA H DEMURA |
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| Institution: | 1. Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85712, USA;2. The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723‐6099, USA;3. Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, The University of Colorado, 429 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309‐0429, USA;4. M. S. 301‐121, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA;5. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe 657‐8501, Japan;6. Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan;7. Research and Development Center, PASCO Corporation, 2‐8‐10 Higashiyama, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐0043, Japan;8. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Department of Spacecraft Engineering, 3‐1‐1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229‐8510, Japan;9. NEC Aerospace Systems, 1‐10 Nissincho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183‐8551, Japan;10. School of Computer Science and Engineering Ikki‐machi, Aizu‐Wakamatsu City, University of Aizu, Fukushima 965‐8580, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Abstract— Recent advances in the characterization of small body surfaces with stereophotoclinometry are discussed. The principal data output is an ensemble of landmark maps (L‐maps), high‐resolution topography/albedo maps of varying resolution that tile the surface of the body. Because they can have a resolution comparable to the best images, and can be located on a global reference frame to high accuracy, L‐maps provide a significant improvement in discriminatory power for studies of small bodies, ranging from regolith processes to interior structure. These techniques are now being used to map larger bodies such as the Moon and Mercury. L‐maps are combined to produce a standard global topography model (GTM) with about 1.57 million vectors and having a wide variety of applications. They can also be combined to produce high‐resolution topography maps that describe local areas with much greater detail than the GTM. When combined with nominal predictions from other data sources and available data from other instruments such as LIDAR or RADAR, solutions for the spacecraft position and camera pointing are the most accurate available. Examples are drawn from studies of Phobos, Eros, and Itokawa, including surface characterization, gravity analysis, spacecraft navigation, and incorporation of LIDAR or RADAR data. This work has important implications for potential future missions such as Deep Interior and the level of navigation and science that can be achieved. |
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