地质灾害链

用系统的普遍联系和发展的观点看待各种地质灾害之间的相互关系是地质灾害链研究的出发点。当前,地质灾害链的研究还处于起步阶段,地质灾害链的理论及其评价方法和技术还不完善。在收集相关资料的基础上,阐述了地质灾害链的定义、分类和分级,初步总结中国地质灾害链的分布规律,综合分析地质灾害链的研究现状,阐明了其发展方向,并提出地质灾害链防治的一些措施和建议。按诱发因素,地质灾害链可以分为:内动力地质灾害链、外动力地质灾害链、人类工程活动地质灾害链以及复合型地质灾害链。依据地质灾害链的规模不同,地质灾害链依次可以分为四级:一级地质灾害链,全球级别的地质灾害链;二级地质灾害链,区域地质灾害链;三级地质灾害链,流域地质灾害链;四级地质灾害链,单条冲沟地质灾害链。在中国的东部尤其是东南沿海地区台风灾害链活动频繁、影响范围广、造成的损失巨大。在青藏高原地区尤其是南北向地震带,内、外动力地质灾害链活动频繁,影响深远。地震灾害链、崩塌和滑坡转化为泥石流问题、滑坡坝溃决问题、冰湖溃决灾害链、台风灾害链等问题将是未来地质灾害链的研究重点;地质灾害链评价、预测及其风险评估将是地质灾害链研究的关键科学问题。地质灾害链的防治是地质灾害链研究的最终目标。

Preliminary study on geological hazard chains

Geological hazards are triggered by earthquake shaking, rainstorm, rapid snowmelt and human activ ity. Various geohazards are related to or induced by other disastrous events in sequence, thus, it should be well understood the relationships between various geohazard and their stimuli. This article presented prelimi- nary introduction to the framework of studying geohazard chains, for example, the concept, the type and the classification. Characteristics of geohazard chains are described, especially in case of hazardous events, such as earthquake and intense rainfall in China. Some issues are also pointed out in their mechanisms of landslides triggered by earthquake and rainfall, and transformation from landslide to debris flow.