极光区高空物理过程与磁层-电离层耦合

极区高空物理现象之观测具有悠久历史。对极区地磁、电离层和极光现象的深入考察将地球物理的研究领域扩展到了外层空间，并提出了太阳风－磁层－电离层－热层间耦合这一重要课题。耦合物理机制的证实不仅是火箭、卫星探测的重要贡献，而且也是基于对地面雷达和遍及全球大陆的地磁台站、电离层垂测站之长期观测成果。对流电场、一区和二区场向电流、电离层扰动电流系（包括极光区电集流），以及电导率的分布和变化乃是一有机整体，对其每一环节的深入认识均与对整体的全面了解密不可分。有关的理论和模式研究则有助于人们深入理解各个耦合过程的相互关系，以及其各发展阶段中不同物理过程的相对重要性。

THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN THE POLAR UPPER ATMOSPHERE AND THE MAGNETOSPHERE IONOSPHERE COUPLING

The observation of phenomena in the polar upper atmosphere has a long history.It is the development of investigation in the field of the ionosphere,geomagnetic field and auroral phenomena in polar region, that extends the scope of geophysical research to extra terrestrial Space and thus introduces a new important subject, the solar wind magnetosphere ionosphere thermosphere coupling for further study. The sounding rockets and satellites have made a great contribution to confirmation of the Coupling mechanism, meanwhile the coherent and incoherent scatter radars, as well as the ionosondes and geomagnetic stations,which locate around all over the world and have observed records in long term, should not be neglected. The distributions and variations of the convection electric field,the region l and region 2 field aligned currents, the ionospheric disturbance current system including the auroral electrojet,and ionospheric conductivity all together compose a self consistent organic whole. The theoretical study and model calculation are very worthy for further understanding the relative importance of each single link in this system and their mutual relation and interaction.