初论构造-地表过程-气候耦合系统

构造活动和气候变化的共同作用对象是地球表面,是通过不同的物理、化学和生物过程完成的.构造活动通过所形成的地形地貌影响到区域和局部地区的气候;而气候变化的反馈作用表现为风化、剥蚀夷平地形来促使高原和造山带均衡上升.列举了目前国内外重点研究的地貌单元实例,如地峡、青藏高原、安第斯山脉、湖盆、河流和海岸线(台地),介绍了国内外在该领域的研究动态.指出耦合系统的研究需要多学科交叉融合,地表地形是研究耦合系统的关键切入点,能精确定量测量地表地形的仪器设备和高精度的年代学方法也是不可缺少的.耦合系统的研究可以分为:构造事件时间序列、气候时间序列、地形演化的定量研究,以及耦合系统模式的建立.

A Preliminary Discussion on Coupled Tectonic-Surface-Climate System

The tectonic activity and the climatic variation are the two aspects of the coupled tectonic-surface-climate system. The action object of both is the earth surface by a variety of the processes of physics, chemistry and biology. A tectonic activity may affect the climate of a region or local area by means of forming relief; however, the feedback of climate to tectonics represents weathering, denudation and leveling off relief, to urge the equilibrium uplift of plateau or orogen. The article enumerates a couple of the examples of geomorphic unit, including isthmus, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Andes, lake basin, river and coastline, the important research fields for scientists at home and abroad. The research of the coupled system should be involved in multi-disciplines, and the topography of earth's surface is the key cut-in position. The instruments that can accurately be used to survey landform and the high precision methods of chronology are all necessary. The study of the coupled system can be divided into four parts: the timescale of tectonic events, the timescale of climatic variation, the quantification of topography evolvement, and setting-up of the system model.