基于大数据的上海市人居环境适宜性评价

人居环境是居民生活和社会发展的重要基础,科学量化人居环境适宜性有助于引导区域人口规划,促进人口与资源协调发展。本文基于大数据,运用GIS技术,从居住环境、社会环境、经济环境和生态环境四个方面构建综合评价指标体系,以1 km栅格为基本单元,对上海市人居环境适宜性进行空间测度评价。结果表明:上海市人居环境指数介于-1.79~45.57之间,空间分布上呈现中心城区向周边区域递减的态势,整体分布趋势与人口密度相关性较高。高值区主要集中在中心城区一带,土地面积较小,人口密度大,承载压力较大;发展潜力较高的中等适宜区主要涉及外环及新城区域,土地面积大,是未来人口导向的潜力区。

Evaluation and optimization of human settlement suitability in Shanghai based on big data

The human settlement environment is an important foundation for people’s lives and social development.Scientific quantification of human settlement suitability will help guide the planning of regional populations and promote the coordinated development of population and resources.Based on big data,this study used GIS technology to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system involving the living environment,economic environment,social environment,and ecological environment.Moreover,the suitability of the human settlement environment in Shanghai was evaluated at a grid scale of 1 km.The results showed that the human settlement environment index in Shanghai ranged from-1.79 to 45.57.The spatial distribution showed a decreasing trend from the central city to the surrounding areas,and the overall distribution trend was highly correlated with population density.The high-value areas were mainly concentrated in the central urban area,with a small land area and high population density,which had a greater bearing pressure.The moderately suitable areas with high development potential mainly involved outer ring and new city areas,with large land area,which had the potential for future population orientation.