安徽省新石器和夏商周时代遗址时空分布与人地关系的初步研究

安徽省新石器早期遗址有淮北的小山口和江南的沟汀,该时期淮河流域的聚落多于长江流域。新石器中期,考古发掘的野生动物骨骼和孢粉分析表明聚落周围是一个河湖密布、森林草原并存的生态环境。新石器晚期,古人已能分辨土壤的优劣并很可能会利用环境条件改善土壤的不良特性;蒙城尉迟寺遗址的剖面分析表明,环境只是古聚落分布和数量变化的基础因素,生产力的因素也在起作用,因为长时间的持续降温和夏初的大洪水侵袭。夏商周时期全省聚落总数增加,但淮北平原因为长时间的持续降温和夏初的大洪水侵袭,聚落大规模缩减。皖中和皖南的丘陵山地地貌使那里所受洪灾较轻,灾后这些地区因热量条件好使聚落迅速发展起来。新聚落大多建在利于农业生产、能躲避洪水的地方。

Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Neolithic and Xia-Shang-Zhou Dynasties Sites and Relationship Between Human and Environment in Anhui Province

The early Neolithic sites in Anhui Province include Xiaoshankou in the area north of the Huaihe River and Gouting in the area south of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River. The wild animal bones and pollen analysis from middle Neolithic age sites excavating show there are rivers, lakes, forest and grassland around the sites. The sites distribution of the late Neolithic age illustrates that, the ancients had able to distinguish the soil quality and to use environment condition to improve the soil. The profile analysis for Yuchisi Site, Mengcheng County shows that, environment was only the basic factor for ancient sites disitribution and quantity change, the productivity factors were also operated. In Xia-Shang-Zhou dynasties, the total number of sites in the whole province increased, but that in Huaibei Plain reduced on a large scale, for which the reson was air temperature continually drop and the flood invaded in the early Xia Dynasty. By popular highland landform, middle and south Anhui suffered only light flood effect, and after flood, the sites recoveray and development were rapid in these area. Most new sites were built in the place which were advantageous to agricature production and avoiding flood disaster.