超临界水的特性及其对地球深部物质研究的意义

水在超临界状态下有着与标准状态明显不同的行为，超临界水具有许多的特殊性质，如强烈的氧化作用，很强的溶解性能，以及通过温度和压力变化控制其密度在类似蒸汽到类似液体的密度之间等。水在约４００℃的超临界温度下，几乎有的氢键都裂解了，超临界水的这一性质很可能是超临界水具有许多特殊性质的主要原因，超临状态地幔水的存在，不仅对球物理场的性质有重要影响，崦且对于地质构造演化、地球化学动力学、成矿作用，以及深部地

THE PARTICULARITY OF SUPERCRITICAL WATER AND THE CONNOTATION OF STUDY ON DEEP EARTH''''S MATERIALS

Water has fascinating properties in its supercritical state where it behaves very differently from water at standard conditions. Supercritical water has many particularities, such as intensive oxidation, extraordinary solvating power, and the density of supercritical water varying between gaslike and liquidlike values by varying its pressure and temperature. Almost all hydrogen bonding of water is broken down at the supercritical temperature of 400℃. This nature of supercritical water is probably the main reason that it has many particularities.Water in mantle not only has an important influence on the nature of geophysical fields, but also has an important connotation on the evolution of geological structure, geochemical dynamics, mineralization, and discussion about the reason of deep geological calamity (earthquake and volcanic eruption). The existence of water and other liquids is likely an important reason which the earth has different evolutionary history from other planets. Therefore, study on the interaction between water and deep Earth's materials becomes an important content of understanding the evolutionary process of the deep Earth and the whole Earth.