中国人才流动的地域模式及空间分布格局研究

依据教育部直属高校2015届本科毕业生生源与就业数据,采用指标评价与冷热点分析方法,分析升读大学与本科就业两个流动阶段的人才流动地域模式及省域空间分布格局。研究表明：① 人才流动具有明显的本地空间粘滞性特征,地域模式包括“本地-跃迁”型、“本地-半依附”型和“本地-依附”型。② 省际层面形成沿东南沿海与长江沿岸分布的“弓形”格局,显示了优势区域的整体粘滞性对人才高地形成的意义。研究指出,把握关键节点、依托城市群来发挥粘滞作用有助于城市推进引智工作。

Spatial Pattern and the Resulting Characteristics of Talent Flows in China

By looking into the enrollment and employment data of graduates from universities directly administered by China Ministry of Education and with the method of index evaluation and hot-cold spot analysis, this article analyzed the graduates’ regional flowing patterns of two flowing stages of enrolled in the university and employed after graduation, and the resulting spatial distribution at the provincial level. The study found that the flow of talent from the university to study in different stages, can more clearly reveal the characteristics of the geographical space for talents. The local spatial viscosity in different regions dominates the flow of talent, and geopolitical and income factors in subsequent plays a role of regional adjustment. In the two stages, the flow of talent has significant spatial viscous characteristics. The geographical pattern of the flow includes “local-leapfrog” mode, “local-semi adherent” mode and “local-adherent” mode. Under the influence of different factors, the enrollment stage is dominated by “local-(semi) adherent” mode due to the adherence to the geo-social relations, while the employment stage is dominated by “local-leapfrog” type, which is adhered to the multiple possibilities of regional employment opportunities and benefits. From the perspective of the provincial pattern formed by talent flow, however, the spatial distribution of talents at the level of provincial level is more flat, while the phase of employment flow is more polarized in the longitudinal distribution. The “arch” pattern along the southeastern coast and the Yangtze River is characterized in both two stages, and the Yangtze River Delta region belongs to the hot spot of talent. However, because of the lack of provincial integration and linkage, the centralization of talent is not significant enough in the central and western regions, which highlight the important effect of the dominant area’s viscosity in the formation of the high ground of talent. It is suggested that different cities should bring into full play the role of local glutinosity to enhance the work of introducing university intelligence, from the two stages of talent generation and with the help of the strength of the urban agglomeration.